2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题97（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题People tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that “the phone

2、always rings when Im in the shower.” If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesnt ring, that nonevent probably wont even register (留下印象).People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the common belief that

3、things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths “happen in threes.” Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one month; i

4、f three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average per

5、son. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thomas Schilling explains, “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite

6、 give weight to courtesy.” This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.1. In the first paragraph the author states that _.2. By “things like” “happ

7、en in threes”, the author indicates that people believe _.3. The word “courtesy” probably means _.4. What can be inferred from the passage?5. It can be concluded from the passage that _.问题1选项A.dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come trueB.dreams are prophetic because some o

8、f them did come trueC.dreams may come true if clearly rememberedD.dreams and reality are closely related问题2选项A.personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and thenB.personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen togetherC.misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patternsD.mis

9、fortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime问题3选项A.good mannerB.appropriate speechC.friendly relationsD.satisfactory service问题4选项A.Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.B.In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.C.People tend t

10、o make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.D.Believers of misfortunes happening the threes are cautious in interpreting events.问题5选项A.there is some truth even in the widest dreamsB.one should take notice of other peoples meritsC.there is no order or pattern in world eventsD.we should not

11、 base our conclusions on accidental evidence【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.（因此，许多人相信他们的梦是预言，因为少数人已经实现了；他们忽视或没有注意到许多没有实现的。），说明作者认为不应该以个别应验的梦

12、境得出梦具有预言性这一推断，毕竟大多数的梦都是不会实现的。因此A选项“即使有几个梦成真了也不能说梦有预言性”正确。B选项“梦是预言性的，因为其中有些梦成真了”，C选项“如果清楚地记住了，梦就会成真”，D选项“梦和现实是密切相关的”均不符合原文内容，所以B, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、三句People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to defi

13、ne the time period.（人们希望看到世界的秩序、模式和意义。这种信念源于人们倾向于让第三个事件来定义时间周期。），说明人们总是希望从复杂的事件中找出某种规律，从而印证人们头脑中早已形成的某种判断。因此C选项“不幸往往按照一定的模式发生”正确。A选项“个人的不幸往往每隔一段时间就会发生”，B选项“个人的不幸、飞机失事和死亡通常一起发生”，D选项“一个人一生中发生的不幸不会超过三次”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“courtesy”可以定位到文章第六段第四句Everybody ranks himself high in qualities h

14、e values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy.（每个人都把自己看重的品质看得很高：谨慎的司机重视小心，熟练的司机重视技术，礼貌的司机重视礼貌。），说明“courtesy”在文中是指“礼貌”的意思。因此A选项“良好的礼貌”正确。B选项“适当的言语”，C选项“友好的关系”，D选项“令人满意的服务”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。4.主旨大意题。由全文可知，作者希望人们更加关

15、注那些不为大家所关注的，不符人们总结出的“规律”的事件，来避免从个别事实中得出不严密的结论的做法。因此A选项“不被注意的事情值得更多关注”最能概括文章主旨。B选项“在一系列的不幸中，第三件通常是最严重的”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。C选项“人们倾向于利用支持自己信念的证据”只是文章的一个方面，不能完整概括文章主旨，所以C错误。D选项“相信不幸发生三次的人在解释事件时是谨慎的”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in d

16、rawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.（也许我们能学到的最重要的心理习惯是在得出结论时谨慎。日常生活的“证据”有时会引起误解。），说明不应该以随机证据为基础得出结论，因为它们有误导性。因此D选项“不应该把我们的结论建立在偶然的证据上”正确。A选项“即使在最宽泛的梦中也有一些真相”，B选项“人应该注意到别人的优点”，C选项“世界上的事件没有秩序和模式”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。2. 翻译题I came across an old country guide the o

17、ther day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only villag

18、e tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocers shop, for exa

19、mple, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing (排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substan

20、tial cash value.【答案】有一天，我看到了一本旧的乡村指南。它列出了我所在地区每个村庄的所有商人，看到在维多利亚时代晚期的乡村，人们在自己的家门口就能得到各种各样的服务，令人印象深刻。如今，一个肤浅的英国农村旅行者可能会得出结论，唯一仍然繁荣的乡村商人要么是向居民出售冷冻食品，要么是向游客出售古董。然而，这确实会是一个错误的印象。诚然，乡村商业已经萎缩，但其活力仍然显著。例如，我们当地的杂货店，尽管有来自最近的城镇的超市的竞争，但实际上正在扩大。妇女们更愿意去那里，在购物的同时交流当地的新闻，而不是在超市排队。而老板很清楚，个人服务具有相当大的现金价值。3. 翻译题1. Illn

21、ess brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room.2. Culture is the system of shared beliefs, values, cust

22、oms, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning.3. No one in authority in Washington or Tokyo will say publicly that current turmoil is likely to break up the 35-year-

23、old US security alliance.4. A mother takes twenty years to make a man of her boy, and another woman makes a fool of him in twenty minutes.5. The first purpose to which the new space technology was applied was communication.【答案】1. 说来也怪，缠绵病榻，使她特别焦躁不安，她越发急切地抓住人生不放，欲将人生的幸福压榨到最后一滴而后已。这病使她无比艳羡人家的健康，也使她多愁善

24、感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。2. 文化是社会成员用来应对他们的世界和彼此之间的共同信仰、价值观、习俗、行为和人工制品的系统，并通过学习代代相传。3. 华盛顿和东京的权威人士无人愿意公开承认，目前的骚乱可能会使已有35年历史的美日安全同盟毁于一旦。4. 一个做母亲的要花二十年的时间把她的儿子变成一个男子汉，而另一个女人只需二十分钟就能把他变成一个傻瓜。5. 人们利用新的航天技术的首要目的就是通讯。4. 单选题He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he _ out of a painting by Xu Beihong.问

25、题1选项A.comeB.has comeC.is comingD.had come【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。as though引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。主句He was a beautiful horse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时had come。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题The bartender walked out _ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.问题1选项A.from beforeB.from underC.fro

26、m behindD.from across【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项before“在之前”；B选项under“在下面”；C选项behind“在后面”；D选项across“穿过”。句意：酒保从柜台后面走出来，开始把那个醉汉赶出酒吧。本句表示从柜台后面走出来。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes

27、to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wasnt long before the whole of Britain knew what had happened in the Queen Vi

28、ctoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a probl

29、em dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role. Even though shes never had an experien

30、ce like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she never became involved with men during her school y

31、ears because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive

32、 missed out on anything,” she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends. Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.”“Its then that I feel sad for Michelle. When she should be going out and having fu

33、n, shes having to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes sad to say goodbye to being a teenager.”1. What evidence is there that Michelles pregnancy is not just a problem dreamed up for a soap opera?2. How did Susan avoid the dangers that many of her school friends faced?3. Accor

34、ding to the passage, which of the following is not true?4. What does the word “lines” in paragraph 5 mean?5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.Michelle has got several letters from some young people.B.Michelle always has several appointments every week.C.Susan became involved with men duri

35、ng her school years.D.Susan has got many letters from people in the same situation.问题2选项A.By thinking of Michelle as her younger sister.B.By doing many projects at home.C.By working hard at school and at the TV studio.D.By dating her boyfriend during her school years.问题3选项A.Susan played Michelle suc

36、cessfully in a soap opera.B.Michelles case is not rare in the British schools.C.Girls should not yield themselves to a man easily.D.Susan should have taken part in discos and parties in her school years.问题4选项A.Direction of a course.B.Words spoken by an actor.C.Thread for hanging clothes.D.Telephone

37、connection.问题5选项A.Sorry for Susan TullyB.Sorry for MichelleC.Susans School YearsD.Susans Hopes and Dreams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who play

38、s Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.（然而，随着十几岁的单身妈妈越来越多，这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题正如饰演米歇尔的女演员苏珊塔利从数百封信中发现的那样：这是许多年轻女孩面临的两难境地。），说明苏珊塔利收到的许多相同情况的信件证明了这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题。因此D选项“苏珊收到了很多相同情况的人的信”正确。A选项“米歇尔收到了几封来自一些年轻人的信”，B选项“米歇尔每周总是有几个约会”，C选项“苏珊在学生时代就开始与男人交往”均不符合题意，

39、所以A, B, C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明苏珊是通过努力学习和演戏来充实自己，从而避免了她的许多朋友所面临的危险。因此C选项“通过在学校和电视工作室努力工作”正确。A选项“通过把米歇尔当作她的妹妹”

40、，B选项“通过在家里做许多项目”，D选项“通过在上学期间与她的男朋友约会”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。A选项“苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔”，由原文its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role.（很容易理解为什么苏珊在这个角色上如此成功）可知，苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔，A选项表述正确，排除A。B选项“米歇尔的情况在英国学校里并不罕见”，由原文its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to

41、some of her contemporaries at school.（从她在学校的同龄人身上发生的事情来看，她清楚地认识到了这一点。）可知，米歇尔的情况在英国学校里经常发生，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服”，由原文The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.（她所有希望和梦想的终点，她童年和少年时的纯真

42、，都在她第一次也是唯一一次屈服于一个男人时被剥夺了。）可知，女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服，否则会造成很严重的后果，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“苏珊在学生时代应该去跳迪斯科、参加派对”，由原文While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.（晚上，他们一起去跳迪斯科、参加派对，她却在拼命地补功课。）可知，苏珊没有去跳迪斯科、参加派对，而是通过努力学习避免了其他同学所面临的危险，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。4.语义推测题。由题干关

43、键词“lines”可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明“lines”在文中是指“剧本台词”的意思。因此B选项“演员的台词”正确。A选项“一条路线的方向”，C选项“用于悬挂衣服的线”，D选项“电话连接”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。

44、5.主旨大意题。文章由苏珊扮演的角色米歇尔开场，然后由这个场景引发了苏珊对目前很多年轻女孩成为未成年母亲问题的一些探讨，接着她联系到了自己的生活紧张而充实。和别的同龄人不一样，她很满意目前自己和男朋友之间保持一定距离的关系，但是这又让她想到了米歇尔，为米歇尔过早地承受本不应属于她这个年龄的痛苦感到痛惜。因此B选项“为米歇尔感到难过”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“为苏珊塔利难过”，由原文可知，苏珊没有对自己的生活感到痛惜，相反她对自己的现状非常满意，所以A错误。C选项“苏珊的学生时代”，D选项“苏珊的希望和梦想”，由原文可知，本文大量的篇幅还是围绕米歇尔展开话题的，所以C, D错误

45、。7. 单选题Nowadays a large number of people buy _ Christmas trees instead of real ones.问题1选项A.falseB.fakeC.shamD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项false“错误的”，指因缺失而补上的替代物，有时也指伪装的；B选项fake“假的”，指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品；C选项sham“假装的”，指可以以假乱真的东西；D选项artificial“仿造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西。句意：现在很多人买人造圣诞树而不是真的圣诞树。本句表示人造的圣诞树。因此D选项正确。8.

46、 单选题Electric eels use charges to _ prey and also stun them before they eat them.问题1选项A.examineB.detectC.determineD.search【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examine“检查”；B选项detect“探测”；C选项determine“决定”；D选项search“搜索”。句意：电鳗利用电荷探测猎物，并在吃掉猎物之前把它们打晕。本句表示探测猎物。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Can you give me another hint without _ the answer?问题

47、1选项A.giving offB.giving awayC.giving upD.giving in【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giving off“发出”；B选项giving away“泄露”；C选项giving up“放弃”；D选项giving in“屈服”。句意：你能在不告诉我答案的情况下再给我一个提示吗？本句表示泄露答案。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Pumas, which are large, cat-like animals, will not attack human beings if they _ undisturbed.问题1选项A.leaveB.leftC.a

48、re leftD.have left【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态。句意：美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，如果不受打扰，它是不会攻击人类的。不受打扰是被动语态，用be动词+过去分词。其它三项不能用于被动语态的形式。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these imm

49、ensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Keegan writes: “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, c

50、osting little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have b

51、een slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poortoo p

52、oor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal.

53、 A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns i

54、s complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unus

55、ual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.1. It is implied in the passage that _.2. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because _.3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalen

56、ce of small arms?4. We can conclude from the passage that _.5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreementB.small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-controlC.the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminishedD.nuc

57、lear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago问题2选项A.they have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorismB.they have no such problems as are caused by small weaponsC.they face other more important problems such as pollutionD.they have not recognized the seriousness of the prob

58、lems in time问题3选项A.Small arms are cheap.B.Small arms are powerful.C.Small arms are easier to use.D.Small arms are easier to get.问题4选项A.small arms are not expensive in the black-marketB.it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamondC.criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small armsD.wh

59、ere there are drugs, there are small arms问题5选项A.Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms TalksB.Neglect of Small Arms ControlC.Global Traffic in Small ArmsD.Small Arms, Big Problems【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,00

60、0 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition（自1985年8月9日以来，没有一个人死于核武器。而在这一时期却有5000万人死于廉价的、大规模生产的武器和小型爆炸物），说明小型武器的滥用已经造成了比核武器还严重的后果，应该重视小型武器的控制。因此B选项“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正确。A选项“核武器控制谈判不可能达成协议”，C选项“核武器的杀伤力已经减弱了”，D选项“核武器是50年前

61、军控谈判的主题”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this

62、 pollution has brought in its train.（由于小型武器对发达世界的国家影响很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他们生活的圈子之外，因此富国的人们很难意识到小型武器泛滥所带来的严重性。），说明先进国家的人们没有及时地意识到小型武器问题的严重性。因此D选项“他们没有及时认识到这些问题的严重性”正确。A选项“他们要处理毒品交易和政治恐怖主义问题”，由原文可知，他们的生活圈子中没有毒品交易和政治恐怖主义，所以A错误。B选项“他们没有由小武器引起的这种问题”，C选项“他们面临其他更重要的问题，如污染”在文中没有提及，所以B, C错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜

63、”，由原文Small arms and light weapons are a bargain.（小型武器和轻武器很便宜。）可知，A属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B选项“小型武器有威力”，由原文Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们是致命的。）可知，B属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C选项“小武器更容易使用”，由原文They are also easy to use and maintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。）可知，C属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D选项“小型武器更容易得到”在文中没有提及，因此本题选D。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to sm