2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第47期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this re

2、mark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole unive

3、rse of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with stranger

4、may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of ones en

5、tire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework,

6、take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out i

7、n their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What does the author probably mean by using the expre

8、ssion “Children interrupt their education to go to school” (Sent. 2, Para. 1)?3. The phrase “For example,” (Sent. 4, Para. 3), introduces a sentence that gives examples of _.4. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?5. The passage is organized by _.问题1选项A.The best schools teach a wi

9、de variety of subjects.B.Education and schooling are quite different experiences.C.Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.D.The more years students go to school the better their education is.问题2选项A.Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.B.School

10、vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.C.Summer school makes the school year too long.D.All of life is an education.问题3选项A.similar textbooksB.the results of schoolingC.the workings of a governmentD.the boundaries of classroom subject问题4选项A.Without formal education, people would remain

11、 ignorant.B.Education systems need to be radically reformed.C.Going to school is only part of how people become educated.D.Education involves many years of professional training.问题5选项A.listing and discussing several educational problemsB.contrasting the meanings of two related wordsC.narrating a sto

12、ry about excellent teachersD.giving examples of different kinds of schools【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出学校教育和教育之间的区别，接着分别介绍了两者不同的特点。因此B选项“教育和学校教育是完全不同的经历”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“最好的学校教授各种各样的科目”，C选项“学生从学校中受益，学校要求长时间的学习和家庭作业”，D选项“学生上学的年数越多，他们的教育就越好”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Ne

13、vertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.（而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。），说明有些人认为教育是一个终身的过程，去学校上学反而打断了这一过程。因此D选项“整个人生都是一种教育”正确。A选项“去几个不同的学校在教育上是有益的”，B选项“学校放假打断了学年的连续性”，C选项“暑期学校使学年太长”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第四句For example, high school stu

14、dents know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.（例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。），该句For example之后列举的例子是为了说明前文的have usually been limited by the bounda

15、ries of the subject being taught（往往受到了学科范围的限制）。因此D选项“课堂学科的限制”正确。A选项“类似的教科书”，B选项“学校教育的结果”，C选项“一个政府的工作方式”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了学校教育和教育的区别，学校教育只是教育的一部分，除此之外人们还有许多其他接受教育的形式。因此C选项“上学只是人们受教育方式的一部分”正确。A选项“没有正规的教育，人们就会保持无知”，B选项“教育系统需要进行彻底的改革”，D选项“教育涉及多年的专业培训”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。5.观点态度题。结合全

16、文来看，作者首先提出教育和学校教育两个相关的概念，接着分别介绍了它们的特点和区别，所以本文的行文线索是对比教育和学校教育这两个相关词汇的概念。因此B选项“对比两个相关词汇的含义”正确。A选项“列出并讨论了几个教育问题”，C选项“叙述了一个关于优秀教师的故事”，D选项“举例说明不同类型的学校”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。2. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant c

17、orporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a greatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increase

18、d enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of elec

19、tric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”. Outside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and

20、 most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector is characterized far more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corpo

21、rations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For exa

22、mple, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution outlets at the other. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with

23、suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant corporations possess so many new characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In

24、the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.highly educated managers are important for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic laws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.h

25、eads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.there are more giant corporations than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American economyD.giant corporations provide most of productions

26、 and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to balance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial sectorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American e

27、conomy is characterized by high technology and giant corporations.B.American economy consists of industrial systems and agricultural enterprises.C.Market economy is gradually replaced by planned economy.D.Highly trained specialists are needed.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一

28、句The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。），说明美国巨型公司的新特点导致了对受过高等教育的专家需求增加。因此A选项“受过高等教育的管理者对公司很重要”正确。B选项“巨型企业变得分权化”，C选项“市场的经济规律在企业内部是有效的”，D选项“巨型企业的负责人试图控制政府”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The world of the giant corporations, which can be ca

29、lled the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”.（巨型企业的世界，

30、可以称为“工业系统”，包括500到600家提供“几乎所有通信，几乎所有的生产和分配电力，交通，大多数的制造业和采矿业，零售贸易的很大一部分，和大量的娱乐”的公司。），说明大部分的生产和服务是由巨型企业提供的。因此D选项“巨型企业提供了大部分的生产和服务”正确。A选项“零售业在非工业体系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售贸易占了工业系统的很大一部分，所以A错误。B选项“巨型企业比农业企业多”，原文没有比较两者数量的多少，所以B错误。C选项“巨型企业控制着美国经济的各个部分”，美国经济除了巨型企业还有非工业系统部分，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。文章第一段说到美国经济的变化之一是巨型企业的崛起，接着

31、第二段介绍了巨型企业提供的生产和服务，最后第三段说到巨型企业的计划性和确定性，可以推断出美国经济是由巨型公司决定的。因此B选项“由数以百计的巨型公司决定”正确。A选项“正经历着巨头企业的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企业已经崛起了，所以A错误。C选项“未能平衡供应和需求”，D选项“成为高度计划化的经济”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise.（看来不可能有别的情况了。），由上下文可知，此处说的是美国经济中的计划性。因此C选项“美国经济”正确。A选项“经典的供给和需求

32、的经济规律”，B选项“工业部门 ”，D选项“市场力量”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。A选项“美国经济的特点是高科技和巨型企业”，由原文The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations.（美国经济最明显的两个变化是高度复杂技术的出现和大型企业的崛起。）可知A在文中出现，排除A。B选项“美国经济由工业体系和农业企业组成”，由原文We may thin

33、k of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporationsOutside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises（我们可以把美国经济看作是由两个完全不同的部门组成的。巨型企业的世界在这个工业系统之外的是大多数农业企业）可知B在文中出现，排除B。D选项“需要高度训练有素的专家”，由原文The demand for highly educated sp

34、ecialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。）可知D在文中出现，排除D。C选项“市场经济逐渐被计划经济所取代”，原文只说了美国经济中存在计划性，且十分重要，没有说计划经济取代了市场经济，因此本题选C。3. 单选题The doctor _ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if I followed his advice.问题1选项A.assuredB.confirmedC.ensuredD.confessed【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选

35、项assured“使确信”，指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生；B选项confirmed“确认”，指以事实或以不容置疑的陈述来证实某事的正确；C选项ensured“保证”，指设法或采取措施保证某事能成功；D选项confessed“坦白”，指承认意识到自己的错误或罪行。句意：医生向我保证，如果我照他的建议去做，几天后不适就会消失。本句表示十分肯定的保证。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Just a few seconds of frenzied passion on the floor of the public bar and things would never be the same

36、again for Michelle. It only took a few minutes to ruin her life. The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surrendered herself to a man.No one saw it happen, but the news spread fast. It wasnt long before the whole of

37、 Britain knew what had happened in the Queen VictoriaDirty Den, the landlord, had done it again. Only this time he had gone too far.For the millions who have agonized with her, Michelles pregnancy seems a terrible price to pay for one mistakea little youthful stupidity. Yet, with the increasing numb

38、er of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up for a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.As she talks about Michelle and her baby, its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in t

39、he role. Even though shes never had an experience like it herself, its one she recognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school. Michelle might almost be her younger sister rather than a fictional part in Britains most successful soap opera.Susan says that she nev

40、er became involved with men during her school years because of her work. With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys. While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching

41、up on her schoolwork.“I dont feel as though Ive missed out on anything,” she insists. “And unlike a lot of my friends. Ive got plenty to look forward to. Thats whats so nice about my boyfriend now. Its very comfortable and theres lots to find out about each other.”“Its then that I feel sad for Miche

42、lle. When she should be going out and having fun, shes having to worry about whether shes going to breastfeed the baby. Shes sad to say goodbye to being a teenager.”1. What evidence is there that Michelles pregnancy is not just a problem dreamed up for a soap opera?2. How did Susan avoid the dangers

43、 that many of her school friends faced?3. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?4. What does the word “lines” in paragraph 5 mean?5. The best title for this passage is _.问题1选项A.Michelle has got several letters from some young people.B.Michelle always has several appointments e

44、very week.C.Susan became involved with men during her school years.D.Susan has got many letters from people in the same situation.问题2选项A.By thinking of Michelle as her younger sister.B.By doing many projects at home.C.By working hard at school and at the TV studio.D.By dating her boyfriend during he

45、r school years.问题3选项A.Susan played Michelle successfully in a soap opera.B.Michelles case is not rare in the British schools.C.Girls should not yield themselves to a man easily.D.Susan should have taken part in discos and parties in her school years.问题4选项A.Direction of a course.B.Words spoken by an

46、actor.C.Thread for hanging clothes.D.Telephone connection.问题5选项A.Sorry for Susan TullyB.Sorry for MichelleC.Susans School YearsD.Susans Hopes and Dreams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Yet, with the increasing number of teenage single mums, its not just a problem dreamed up f

47、or a soap operaas actress Susan Tully, who plays Michelle, has discovered from hundreds of letters: Its a dilemma many young girls face.（然而，随着十几岁的单身妈妈越来越多，这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题正如饰演米歇尔的女演员苏珊塔利从数百封信中发现的那样：这是许多年轻女孩面临的两难境地。），说明苏珊塔利收到的许多相同情况的信件证明了这不仅仅是肥皂剧里才会出现的问题。因此D选项“苏珊收到了很多相同情况的人的信”正确。A选项“米歇尔收到了几封来自一些年轻人的信

48、”，B选项“米歇尔每周总是有几个约会”，C选项“苏珊在学生时代就开始与男人交往”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明苏珊是通过努力学习和演戏来充实自己，从而避免了她的许多朋友所面

49、临的危险。因此C选项“通过在学校和电视工作室努力工作”正确。A选项“通过把米歇尔当作她的妹妹”，B选项“通过在家里做许多项目”，D选项“通过在上学期间与她的男朋友约会”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。A选项“苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔”，由原文its easy to understand why Susan has been so successful in the role.（很容易理解为什么苏珊在这个角色上如此成功）可知，苏珊在一部肥皂剧中成功地扮演了米歇尔，A选项表述正确，排除A。B选项“米歇尔的情况在英国学校里并不罕见”，由原文its one she r

50、ecognizes all too clearly from what happens to some of her contemporaries at school.（从她在学校的同龄人身上发生的事情来看，她清楚地认识到了这一点。）可知，米歇尔的情况在英国学校里经常发生，B选项表述正确，排除B。C选项“女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服”，由原文The end of all her hopes and dreams, her childhood and teenage innocence, all stripped away the first and only time she ever surre

51、ndered herself to a man.（她所有希望和梦想的终点，她童年和少年时的纯真，都在她第一次也是唯一一次屈服于一个男人时被剥夺了。）可知，女孩不应该轻易向男人屈服，否则会造成很严重的后果，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“苏珊在学生时代应该去跳迪斯科、参加派对”，由原文While they went out to discos and parties in the evening she was desperately catching up on her schoolwork.（晚上，他们一起去跳迪斯科、参加派对，她却在拼命地补功课。）可知，苏珊没有去跳迪斯科、参加派对，而是通

52、过努力学习避免了其他同学所面临的危险，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。4.语义推测题。由题干关键词“lines”可以定位到文章第五段第二句With her time being split equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her girlfriends were dating boys.（她把时间平均分配在了学习和演戏上，当别的女孩子在和男生约会的时候她却在忙着记台词。），说明“lines”在文中是指“剧本台词”的意思。因此B选项“演员的台词”正确。A选项“一条路线

53、的方向”，C选项“用于悬挂衣服的线”，D选项“电话连接”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章由苏珊扮演的角色米歇尔开场，然后由这个场景引发了苏珊对目前很多年轻女孩成为未成年母亲问题的一些探讨，接着她联系到了自己的生活紧张而充实。和别的同龄人不一样，她很满意目前自己和男朋友之间保持一定距离的关系，但是这又让她想到了米歇尔，为米歇尔过早地承受本不应属于她这个年龄的痛苦感到痛惜。因此B选项“为米歇尔感到难过”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“为苏珊塔利难过”，由原文可知，苏珊没有对自己的生活感到痛惜，相反她对自己的现状非常满意，所以A错误。C选项“苏珊的学生时代”，D

54、选项“苏珊的希望和梦想”，由原文可知，本文大量的篇幅还是围绕米歇尔展开话题的，所以C, D错误。5. 单选题The Government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the homeless.问题1选项A.whatB.allC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：政府承诺尽其所能缓解无家可归者的困难。what lies in its power是一个宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，what在从句中做主语。all不能引导宾语从句，排除B选项。that在宾语从句中不能做主语，排除

55、C选项。which引导宾语从句是意为“哪一个”，不符合句意，排除D选项。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Let us suppose that you are in the position of a parent. Would you allow your children to read any book they wanted to without first checking its contents? Would you take your children to see any film without first finding out whether it is suitable

56、for them? If your answer to these questions is “yes”, then you are either extremely permissive. If your answer is “no”, then you are exercising your right as a parent to protect your children from what you consider to be undesirable influences. In other words, by acting as a censor yourself, you are

57、 admitting that there is a strong case for censorship.Now, of course, you will say that it is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents responsibility to provide it. But what about adults?

58、 Arent they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but dont make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like you. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.Some people think that it is disgr

59、aceful that a censor should interfere with works of art. Who is this person, they say, to ban this great book or cut that great film? No one can set himself up as a superior being. But we must remember two things. Firstly, where genuine works of art are concerned, modern censors are extremely libera

60、l in their viewsoften far more liberal than a large section of the public. Artistic merit is something which censors clearly recognize. And secondly, we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”.When disc

61、ussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk of the entertainment industry. When censorship laws are relaxed, immoral people are given a license to produce virtually anyt

62、hing in the name of “art”. There is an increasing tendency to equate artistic with “pornographic”. The art market for pornography would rapidly be exploited. One of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. To argue

63、in favor of absolute freedom is to argue in favor of anarchy.Society would really be the poorer if it deprived itself of the wise counsel and the restraining influence which a censor provides.1. Permissive parents would _.2. The fact that parents check the contents of the book or the film for their

64、children to read or see shows _.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?4. What does the word “corrupt” mean?5. What would be the best title of this passage?问题1选项A.let their children read any books they like toB.not let their children see any films they like toC.not let their children read any books without first checking their cont