2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷52（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The boy never attempted to（ ）any excuse for being late.问题1选项A.fluctuateB.fabricateC.lubricateD.manipulate【答案】B【解析】句意:这个男孩从不会捏造任何迟到的借口。考查动词辨析。fluctuate 使波动，动摇；fabricate 制造，捏造;lubricate 使润滑;manipulate 操作，处理。空格的宾语是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。2. 单选题The economic recession

2、 has meant that job（ ）is a rare thing.问题1选项A.securityB.safetyC.protection forD.secureness【答案】A【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。考查名词辨析。security 安全，保障；safety 安全，保险;protection 保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。因此A符合句意。3. 单选题The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it（ ）, was that lie was invo

3、lved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.问题1选项A.was turned outB.turned outC.being turned outD.was being turned out【答案】B【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时, 固定搭配turn out“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。4. 单选题After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was（ ）.

4、问题1选项A.leakingB.tricklingC.prominentD.noticeable【答案】A【解析】句意:大雨过后，叫来一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房顶。考查形容词辨析。leaking渗漏的，泄漏的(leak的现在分词)；trickling trickle(滴，细细地流，慢慢地移动)的现在分词；prominent 突出的，显著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable显而易见的，显著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。5. 单选题Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its

5、 attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our

6、own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologists, our customs and those of New Guinea tribe are two possible social

7、 schemes for dealing with common problems, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is in

8、terested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the

9、 individuals.Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Tr

10、aditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great

11、 varieties it may manifest.1. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology（ ）.2. For serious study, an anthropologist（ ）.3. In the third paragraph, the author is trying（ ）.4. Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?5. Which of the following is the best title for the

12、 passage?问题1选项A.can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB.can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsC.can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD.can distinguish the human race from other creatures问题2选项A.must not study his own c

13、ultureB.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any societyC.should focus on those societies which are historically related to each otherD.is obliged to work only on those societies that have no historical relationship to each other问题3选项A.to be critical of customB.to say that anthropology is mor

14、e important than psychologyC.to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and beliefD.to draw our intention to the importance of custom问题4选项A.The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.B.The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carr

15、ied on without any change.C.The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.D.The anthropologist is to explore social relations of different people.问题5选项A.Human Behavior.B.Creature of Society.C.The Science of Custom.D.The Functions of Cultures.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第

16、5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: It fastens its attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to different tradition (它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工业技术、 传统和价值观上，它们使一个社区区别于从属于不同传统的其他社会), 即人类学能体现从属于不同传统的社会之间的不同,因此B项“揭示传统的巨大多样

17、性”正确。2.判断推理题。A项中“must not”和D项中“only”表述过于绝对,故排除。B:不应该对任何社会存在偏见,第二段指出: .and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other (只要他还作为一位人类学家，他就一定会避免厚此薄彼，对任何文化存在偏见),因此B与原文所述相符。C:应关注历史上相互关联的社会,第二段指出: For its purposes, any social regulation.and have

18、no possible historical relation to that of our civilization (就其目的而言，任何社会规则都与我们文化中的社会规则不可能有历史联系),因此C与原文不符。故选B。3.作者意图题。题干为:在第三段,作者打算?第三段开始指出: Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment (当前，习俗并没有被看作是一门重要的学科), 随后强调了 As a matter of fact, it is the other way round (事实正好相反)。

19、而后谈及了习俗的作用和多样性。因此作者第三段谈及的是习俗的重要性和地位。故选D。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner i

20、n which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals (他感兴趣的是在各种文化中所发现的浩瀚的习俗范围，他的目标就是弄懂这些文化变化和相互区别的方式，搞清楚它们表达自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一个民族的习俗在某一特定文化中的个人生活中的作用方式),故选C“人类学家的专业范畴与习俗的丰富性一样广泛”。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人类学的研究范围、对象和目标。通篇都在介绍人类学所研究的重点是人类的习俗，以及后文重点介绍了习俗的重要性和地位。故C项“习俗的科学”比较适合做文章标题。6. 单选题There

21、 is a strong（ ）that the matter will soon be settled.问题1选项A.livelihoodB.likelihoodC.singlehoodD.manhood【答案】B【解析】句意:那个事情很有可能将会很快被解决。考查名词辨析。livelihood 生计,生活;likelihood 可能性,可能; singlehood 单身,未婚;manhood 成年,男子,男子气概。故B符合句意。7. 单选题It takes much time to solve the problem one by one. Can we generalize common（

22、）to apply to similar problems?问题1选项A.meansB.techniquesC.tipsD.solutions【答案】D【解析】句意:一个接一个地解决问题需要很多吋间。我们能归纳出适用于所有类似问题的通用解决方法吗？考查名词辨析。means 手段,方法;technique 技巧,技艺,工艺;tip尖端,尖儿,端;solution 解决方案,溶液,溶解。根据关键信息“problem (问题)”可知D符合句意。8. 单选题Birds that are literally half asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and t

23、he other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled b

24、y the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, in the e

25、nd birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing（打盹）at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 bir

26、ds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing lime versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in di

27、fferent regions of the brain,” the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pai

28、r of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror. The niirroi-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, ifs only been found in birds and such water mammals （哺乳动物） as dolphins, whales, and

29、 seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep is “just the tip of the iceberg （冰山）He speculates that

30、more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that（ ）.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because（ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that（ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend

31、to keep half awake in order to（ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2, last Para), Siegel suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.birds can control their half-brain sleep consciouslyB.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at restC.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsD.half-brain s

32、leep is characterized by slow brain waves问题2选项A.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companionsB.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredC.they have to watch out for possible attacksD.their brain hemispheres take turns to rest问题3选项A.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake

33、 of securityB.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadC.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirrorD.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security问题4选项A.avoid being swept away by rapid currentsB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.alert themse

34、lves to the approaching enemyD.be sensitive to the ever-changing environment问题5选项A.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesB.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersC.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedD.half-brain sleep has somethi

35、ng to do with icy weather【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A:鸟类能有意识地控制其半脑睡眠, 第一段指出: Birds that are literally half asleepwitli one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks (一项对睡着的鸭子的最新研究发现，实际上半睡眠状态的鸟类

36、（即一个大脑半球保持警惕，另一个大脑半球保持睡眠）能控制大脑的哪一边保持醒着),因此A正确。B :鸟类很少在其整个大脑休息的情况下睡觉,文章并未提及。C:半脑睡眠在很多鸟类中被发现,第一段指出: Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds (更早期的研究记录了很多鸟类有半睡眠情况),但题干问的是:一项关于鸟类睡眠的新研究表明,因此不选C项。D: 以缓慢的脑电波为特点的半脑睡眠, 由第段中“The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sl

37、eep stage characterized by slow brain waves.大脑半球轮流陷入以缓慢的脑电波为特点的睡眠状态”指D项不正确。2.细节事实题。第五段指出:The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies (这些结果为单独的脑半球睡眠随着生物观察敌人而演化这一长期存在的猜测，提供了最佳的证据),因此C项“它们不得不戒备可能的袭击”正确。3.判断推

38、理题。第五段指出: The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts (他预测对在警戒一边张开眼睛的偏好可能广泛存在), The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open (镜子一边的眼睛闭着，好似映像是一个同伴，而另外的一只眼睛却保持张开),由此可知D “甚至一个想象的同伴都能给鸟一种安全感”正确。4.细节事实题。倒数第二端指出:

39、Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning (或许保持大脑边醒着可让一个睡着的动物偶尔浮出水面来避免被淹死)。故选B:不时地从水中上浮来呼吸。5.判断推理题。由题干定位至最后一段第二行: He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species (推测，当我们更近距离地观察其它物种吋，更多例子（即文中

40、提及的半睡眠的例子）可能出现),因此选A:半脑睡眠是一个可能存在于其它物种间的现象。9. 单选题Wagner once（ ）with another musician to compose a piece of music that was popular with the young people.问题1选项A.mergedB.constitutedC.partitionedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】句意:瓦格纳曾与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首深受年轻人欢迎的音乐。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。merge合并，吞没;constitute组成，建立；partitio

41、n 分割，分隔，区分；collaborate 合作，勾结，通敌。10. 单选题（ ）dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】句意:不管他多么无趣，但是他确实是一位非常成功的高级管理人员。考查连词辨析。although 尽管，虽然，然而（其后跟正常语序的句子）；whatever 无论什么;as 因为，随着，虽然（引导让步状语从句时，该从句中的表语成分一般放在句首），当时；however 不管怎样（接副词或形容词）。由

42、句意可知前后为让步关系。故选D。11. 单选题Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly（ ）.问题1选项A.imaginingB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imaginary【答案】D【解析】句意:尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活，但是他们确实是虚构的。考查形容词辨析。imagining (imagine的现在分词)猜想，臆断； imaginative 虚构的，富于想象的，有创造力的;imaginable 可能的，可想象的；imaginary

43、 虚构的，想象的。根据句意“尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活”可知D符合句意。12. 单选题Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（ ）to light than are human eyes.问题1选项A.glowingB.brilliantC.sensitiveD.gloomy【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管猫在完全黑暗的环境中看不到任何东西，但是相比人类的眼睛，它们的眼晴对光却更加敏感。考查形容词辨析。glowing热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的;brilliant 闪耀的，杰 出的，精彩的；

44、sensitive体贴的，体恤的，善解人意的，感觉敏锐的；gloomy 黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的。由转折对比提示词Although(尽管)可知C符合句意。13. 单选题His（ ）brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.问题1选项A.richB.quickC.productiveD.fertile【答案】D【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。考查形容词辨析。rich 富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick 快的,迅速的;productive 生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile （土地）富饶的，肥沃 的；（

45、人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。14. 单选题Hard work can（ ）your success in learning a foreign language.问题1选项A.assureB.guaranteeC.warrantD.promise【答案】B【解析】句意:努力工作能保证你在学习一门外语上取得成功。考查动词辨析。Assure 使确信,向保证,弄清,查明; guarantee保证,担保,保障; warrant使有必要,使正当; promise 许诺,承诺,答应。因此B符合句意。15. 单选题After having discussed the matter with th

46、e bank manger, Peter（ ）received his Ioan.问题1选项A.instantlyB.instinctivelyC.causallyD.inexpertly【答案】A【解析】句意:在与银行经理讨论这件事后，Peter即刻就得到了贷款。考查副词辨析。instantly立刻，立即，马上；instinctively 本能地；causally 随便地，偶然地，临吋地；inexpertly 外行地，不熟练地。因此A符合句意。16. 单选题We are dealing with two different perspectives that（ ）, intersect, b

47、ut dont seem to yield a synthesis.问题1选项A.overrunB.overlapC.overworkD.overuse【答案】B【解析】句意:我们正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。考查动词辨析。Overrun 泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse 使用过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。17. 单选题The TV program is so（ ）that I cant move my eyes awa

48、y from the screen.问题1选项A.freestandingB.devastatingC.compellingD.fascinating【答案】D【解析】句意:这个电视节目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能从屏幕上移开。考查形容词辨析。freestanding 独立式的;devastating 毁灭性的;compelling 引人注目的,强制的,激发兴趣的;fascinating 迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂颠倒的。由后半句句意可知D正确。18. 单选题“Which coat did your husband buy?” “The black one, but I（ ）the green

49、 one.”问题1选项A.would rather have boughtB.would rather buyC.would have rather boughtD.rather had bought【答案】A【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？ ”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟: would rather have+done。故选A。19. 单选题This area of the park has been specially（ ）for children, but accompanying adult

50、s are also welcome.问题1选项A.inauguratedB.designatedC.entitledD.delegated【答案】B【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate 指定，标出，be designated for 为而设；entitle 定名为，给称号，使有权利，常用于be entitled to表示有资格；delegate委派为代表，委任。故B符合句意。20. 单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；radically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。