2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第50期

《2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第50期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第50期（23页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Translate the following short English passages into Chinese, which should be written on your Answer Sheet.Many people have been deeply influenced by these kinds of pronouncements, and have gradually begun to change their way of life as a result. They are exerci

2、sing more, have given up or cut down smoking, and have also begun to eat more healthily.On the one hand, doctors warn that eating too much meat is a cause of heart disease and high blood pressure, and on the other say that eating vegetables and fruit helps to sustain health. Many people have given u

3、p meat as a matter of principle. Some believe that it is wrong to kill living things, or believe that because raising animals needs more land than growing vegetable crops, it is a waste of the worlds scarce resources to eat meat.【答案】很多人已深受这些类型的声明的影响，结果他们已逐渐开始改变自己的生活方式。 他们正在做更多的锻炼，已放弃或减少吸烟，并且也开始更健康地饮

4、食。一方面，医生警告称食肉过多是心脏病和高血压发生的一个原因。另外一方面, 医生称吃蔬菜和水果有助于维持健康。许多人因为原则问题己放弃吃肉。一些人认为杀害生物是不对的，或认为因为饲养动物比种植蔬菜作物需要更多的土地，所以吃肉是对世界稀少资源的一种浪费。2. 单选题We should （ ）our human and material resources if we are to succeed in the joint venture.问题1选项A.pourB.plungeC.poolD.pick【答案】C【解析】句意:如果我们想要办成合资企业的话，就应该集中我们的人力和物力资源。考查动词辨析

5、。pour使(液体)连续流出，倾倒，倒出倾泻；plunge 使陷入，使投入，使插入；pool 共用，聚拢（资金、知识、设备等）；pick 拾取，精选，采摘。因此C符合句意。3. 单选题He seemed too old for her, （ ）like a father （ ）a husband.问题1选项A.more.thanB.not so.asC.most.thanD.rather.than【答案】A【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为: 相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more .than. 相比，更

6、是。故选A。4. 单选题Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per capita. The history of industrial development abounds wi

7、th examples.In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings a ration that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970

8、, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”，they would have recognize

9、d that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be only a matter of time before steam would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that

10、the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.1.According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?3.It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870（ ）.4.In

11、the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovation?问题1选项A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water问题2选项A.Older technologies die away.B.The quality of life is improved.C.Overall productivity increasedD.More

12、raw materials become necessary问题3选项A.technology began to be more commercialB.the steam engine had been inventedC.the U.S. horse population was about 10 millionD.a national commission on agriculture had been established问题4选项A.plan the economy through yearly forecastsB.fail to consider the influence o

13、f technological innovationC.value the economic contribution of farm animalsD.consult for the national commission on the economy问题5选项A.He is excited about themB.He accepts them as naturalC.He is disturbed by themD.He questions their usefulness【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In 1870, h

14、orses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms (在1870年，马和骡子是美国农场的主要劳动力),由此可知A项“动物”正确。2.细节事实题。题干问的是:下列哪项不属于作者所述技术革新的结果?第一段指出: Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the econom

15、y (成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失，带来了更高的生产力，通过经济发展带来更多数量的消耗材料)。故作者并未提及B项“人的生活质量得到 了改善”。3.判断推理题。第二段指出: .they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport (他们将认识到蒸汽动力已被使用到工业、土地和海洋运输)。由此推测B项“蒸汽引擎已被发明”正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词“economists”定位至第二段: Had the

16、y been “economists”，they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million (如果他们是经济学家，那么他们会认为到1970年马或骡子的数量要达到5000万),因此选B项“未能考虑到技术革新的影响”。5.观点态度题。由第一段中“Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher producti

17、vity(成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失,提高了生产力)”和最后一段中“It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly (他们最后很可能会得出这样的结论:马和骡子的数量会迅速减少)”可知作者对于技术革新带来的改变的态度是“自然地接受了他们”。5. 单选题The report （ ）seven areas where the Government had a responsibility.问题1选项A.pu

18、rifiedB.specifiedC.regardedD.labeled【答案】B【解析】句意:这份报告列举了政府负有责任的七个领域。考查动词辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词的过去式。Purify净化,使纯净; specify列举,详细说明,指定; regard把看作; label标注，贴标签于。故B符合句意。6. 单选题The seeing eye dog was the blind mans （ ）companion.问题1选项A.continualB.consistentC.constantD.continuous【答案】C【解析】句意:导盲犬是盲人忠诚的同伴。考查形容词辨析。continu

19、al持续不断的，频繁的；consistent 始终如的，致的，坚持的;constant 忠诚的，忠贞的，不变的，恒定的，经常的; continuous 连续的，持续的。因此C符合句意。7. 单选题The theory of evolution by natural selection （ ）important single scientific innovation in the nineteenth century.问题1选项A.certainly the mostB.was certainly the mostC.will certainly be the mostD.was the mo

20、st certain【答案】B【解析】句意:自然选择进化论当然是十九世纪最重要的独特科学创新。语法题。考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知, The theory of evolution by natural selection为主语, important single scientific innovation为表语,句子缺少系动词。排除A项。句子指明“十九世纪”,故应用过去式,排除C。副词certainly修饰形容词most的最高级。故选B。8. 单选题Mary became （ ）homesick and critical of the United States, so she fle

21、d from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.问题1选项A.completelyB.sincerelyC.absolutelyD.increasingly【答案】D【解析】句意:玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于布卢姆菲尔德西部的家,逃往了奥地利的故乡。考查副词辨析。Completely完全地,彻底地; sincerely真诚地,由衷地; absolutely绝对地,完全地; increasingly越来越多地。因此D符合句意。9. 单选题The Mart Twain Boyhood Home and

22、 Museum in Hannibal, Missouri, is the （ ）of the great writer.问题1选项A.restored childhood homeB.home restored of childhoodC.home where childhood restoredD.restored home of his childhood【答案】A【解析】句意:马克吐温童年故居博物馆在密苏里州的汉尼拔，它也是这位伟大作家整修后的童年故居。语法题。考查定语排列顺序。restored “修葺一新的”和childhood “童年时期”分别做前置定语修饰home。故选A10.

23、单选题Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant （ ）so much noise.问题1选项A.resistB.tolerateC.sustainD.undergo【答案】B【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。考查动词辨析。resist 抵抗，抵制;tolerate 忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain 支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。11. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: the c

24、entral African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never he

25、ard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a test tube and forgot about it. A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV.

26、 The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond

27、 AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s.1.What is the passage about?2.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa.

28、 The origin of the AIDS epidemic was thought to begin in the （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?4.According to the passage, the man who carried HIV gave blood because he wanted to（ ）.问题1选项A.The fact that HTV and the AIDS virus were first discovered in Africa.B.The role that Leopoldv

29、illes sample plays.C.That Leopoldvilles sample contributes to solving the puzzle on the origin of AIDS.D.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa问题2选项A.1940sB.1950sC.1960sD.mid-1980s问题3选项A.The AIDS virus comes from monkeys or chimpanzees.B.The AIDS virus was earliest discovered in Kinshasa, 1

30、959.C.Before Leopoldville was changed into Kinshasa in name, it was a colony.D.No other AIDS virus discovered anywhere else can be older than the one discovered in Leopoldville.问题4选项A.infect others to take revenge on the whole societyB.earn money to support his familyC.make a name for himselfD.none

31、of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville 位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调 “并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项 “Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出: .says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative orig

32、in of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s (对该样本的 DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the myste

33、ry of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans.(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜)”可知A项正确。B: 艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的 “A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a sec

34、ond look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS (四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C: 在Leopoldville更名为 Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的 “Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, sho

35、rtly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo (地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D: 在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated. (Leopoldv

36、ille 的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A: 为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B: 挣钱养家,C: 让自己成名，均

37、不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。12. 单选题The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes. In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words first letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exce

38、eds mere guessing. There is evidence that the mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced. Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a n

39、ewspaper. Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes. For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics.If a designated (target) memory consists of a collection of at

40、tributes, its recall or retrieval should be enhanced by any cue that indicates one of the attributes. For example, on failing to recall the term horse (included in a list they have just seen), people may be asked if an associated term (say, barn or zebra) helps them recall the word. While some addit

41、ional recall has been observed with this kind of help, failures are common even with ostensibly relevant cues. Though it is possible that the cues frequently are appropriate, nevertheless, if words were not learned (encoded or stored) with accompanying attributes, cuing of any kinds should be ineffe

42、ctive.1.With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?2.It can be concluded from the passage that all encoded words are （ ）.3.What does the passage mainly discuss?4.Which of the following does the author mention as a cause for forgetting?5.Which is not mentioned as

43、a tendency among people who encounter tip-of-the-tongue experience?问题1选项A.Words that are only heard are easily forgottenB.The brain always remembers the moment words are first learnedC.Auditory cues are more helpful than spatial cuesD.Uncommon words are normally remembered with visual cues问题2选项A.rem

44、embered without helpB.learned without cuesC.stored with attributesD.forgotten if not used问题3选项A.How a person remembers wordsB.The origin of the expression tip-of-the-tongue”C.How a person uses new wordsD.How cues are used to pronounce words问题4选项A.The need for more precise spatial informationB.The cr

45、eation of ostensibly relevant cuesC.The learning of words without corresponding attributesD.The use of inappropriate auditory cues问题5选项A.Knowing the number of syllables in a wordB.Remembering where words were seenC.Knowing the first letter of the wordD.Recognizing the word when heard【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3

46、题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。A:听到的言语信息很容易被忘记,第一段指出: For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics (相比听觉属性占最少优势的那些记忆，听觉属性占优势的记忆倾向于更快速地被忘记),故A项与原文不符。B:人的大脑一直记忆单词被首先知晓的瞬间,第一段指出: There is evidence that the

47、mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced (有证据表 明人的大脑可能编码有关信息何时被知晓和多久一次被经历的数据),故B正确。C:听觉线索比空间线索更有帮助,D: 不常见的单词一般通过视觉线索被记忆,文章并未提及。2.判断推理题。第一段指出: The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific p

48、erceptual attributes (差点想起一个名字或言词的常见经历似乎和特定的感知属性相关), Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes (研究表明，遗忘的频率根据属性的不同而变化),由此可知C项“被带着属性地储存”正确。3.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了“人怎样记忆言词”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出: if words were not learned （encoded or stored） with accompanying attributes, cuing of a

49、ny kinds should be ineffective (如果言词没有在带着伴随的属性情况下被知晓（被编码或储存），那么任何种类的线索提示应该是无效的),由此可知C“没有对应属性的学习言词”正确。5.细节事实题。A:知晓言词的音节数,C:知晓言词的第一个字母,第一段指出: In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words first letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds

50、 mere guessing (特别地,说自己有差点想起感觉的人倾向于以远超单纯猜测的准确性去辨认出言词的第一个字母和其音节数),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:记忆言词在哪里被看见,第一段指出: Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper (些记忆貌似包含空间信息，如一个人记得一个特定的新闻内容位于报纸头版右手边较低位置

51、),由此可知B项被提及。故选D“识别听见的言词”。13. 单选题The influence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that weather factors have no influence on their decision-making? Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. Peoples moods

52、 also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression.Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interest in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports provide breakdowns of the crime

53、rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors.Various studies find relationships between specific climatological con

54、ditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels

55、of property crimes and increased depression.Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increases the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect Increasing temperature fails to influen

56、ce the number of nighttime burglaries, but it also increases the other crime categories. Burglaries and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influe

57、nce on the levels of crime.Individuals who respond with criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extreme may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stim

58、uli due to increased temperature or other weather variables.Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather-crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be

59、 possible such as regulation of rainfall or sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be possible.More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate m

60、eans of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.1.People are likely to be very active and aggressive （ ）.2.People are in low spirits（ ）.3.All the following statements are true exc

61、ept that（ ）.4.The following are all optimum-conditions except（ ）.5.Which of the following ways to handle crime is not mention（ ）.问题1选项A.when it is rainy and cloudyB.as humidity increasesC.when there is little moistureD.as temperature decreases问题2选项A.during the nightB.on clear and fine daysC.on hot a

62、nd sunny daysD.during cold and stormy-weather问题3选项A.nighttime stealing increases along with temperatureB.nobody is free from the influence of weather factorsC.crime rates are related to temperature, moisture, etc.D.people are thinking about the possible ways to handle individual reaction to climatological changes.问题4选项A.little sky coverB.higher temperatureC.higher humidityD.lower temperature问题5选项A.Surgical correctioB.Medicine treatmentC.Weather controlD.More police work.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词active and aggressive定位至第三段: On the other h