2022-2023年考博英语-北京体育大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第6期

《2022-2023年考博英语-北京体育大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第6期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-北京体育大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第6期（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-北京体育大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 问答题The museum is closed this afternoon. (There is)【答案】There is no museum available this afternoon.2. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum,

2、an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The reports, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses i

3、ncluding malnutrition and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries are

4、 being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distingu

5、ish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said the climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he sai

6、d, “will harm he cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed.”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estim

7、ates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions t

8、o help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2.What

9、 do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3.What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4.What is Soren Adreasen s view of the report?5.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?问题1选项A.Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.B.G

10、lobal temperatures affect the rate of economic development.C.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.问题2选项A.It caused a big stir in developing countries.B.It was warmly received by environmentalistsC.It arou

11、sed a lot of interest in the scientific circles.D.It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassing.B.It deserves our closets attention.C.It is invalid in terms of methodologyD.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on careful

12、ly collected data.B.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examinedC.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.问题5选项A.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduce

13、dB.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazardsC.How emissions of heat trapping gases can be reduced on a global sale.D.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句，“Global warming is causing

14、 more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum”，可知全球人道主义论坛的一份报告显示，全球变暖每年导致30多万人死亡，造成大约1250亿美元的经济损失。可判断出全球人道主义论坛发现全球变暖导致疾病死亡率上升。因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主义论坛报告的具体内容，第三段提到了相关态度和评价。根据文章第三段，“the report drew crit

15、icism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.”，可知这份报告招致了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们对报告的方法和结论提出了质疑。可判断出这份报告受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑。因此选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第五段， “Roger Pielke Jr.said the Forums report was a methodological embarrassment”，可知皮尔克=表示，该论坛的报告存在“方法论的尴尬”。可判断出Dr. Pielke在方法论

16、上是无效的。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.”，可知Soren Adreasen认为这份报告的数据只是粗略估计，是针对世界各国领导人，他们将在于12月在哥本哈根举行会议，就一项新的

17、国际气候条约进行谈判。可判断出Adreasen认为报告的粗略估计是为了引起世界领导人的注意。因此选项D符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping g

18、ases.”，可知Annan强调，谈判需要把重点放在增加从富有地区流向贫困地区的资金问题上，以帮助他们降低面对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时减少温室气体的排放。可判断出Kofi Annan认为哥本哈根会议的重点应该放在富国如何才能更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害的问题上。因此选项B符合题意。3. 单选题A recurring criticism of the UKs university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK

19、 National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stern cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are keys in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge th

20、e unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicator

21、s of commercialization activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, as

22、ks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and mirrored across

23、 other economic. In the UK, research is concentrate; less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating lo

24、ng-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are resea

25、rch-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of

26、 the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination

27、of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercializatio

28、n?2.What does the author say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to （ ）.4.What does the author suggest research-led universities do?5.How can the university sector play a key role in the UKs ec

29、onomic growth?问题1选项A.They fail to convert knowledge into money.B.They do not regard it as their responsibility.C.They still have a place among the world leaders.D.They have lost their leading position in many ways.问题2选项A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B.It does not rank UK univer

30、sities in a scientific way.C.It does not reflect the differences among universities.D.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.问题3选项A.government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesB.compulsory cooperation between universities and industriesC.fair distribution of funding for u

31、niversities and research institutionsD.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities问题4选项A.Publicize their research to win international recognition.B.Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.C.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.D.Sprea

32、d their influence among top research institutions.问题5选项A.By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.B.By asking the government to invest in technology transfer researchC.By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.D.By increasing the efficiency of technology transfe

33、r agencies.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.”，可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点，现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Evidence suggests the UKs

34、position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”，可知有证据表明，英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多，而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句，“the policy interventions of the pas

35、t decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.”，可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学，然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述，这种现象不仅发生在英国，也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段，“The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are researc

36、h-led and commercially active.”，可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学，它们以研究为主导，并且商业化。可判断出policy interventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the wide

37、st range of social economic and environmental benefits.”，可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and

38、functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.”，可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调，同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资，大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The government is trying to do something to （ ）

39、better understanding between the two countries.问题1选项A.raiseB.promoteC.heightenD.increase【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。raise “提高，筹集，养育”；promote “促进，推动”；heighten “提高，增高，使更显著”；increase “增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力促进两国之间更好的理解。因此选项B符合题意。5. 单选题In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries

40、. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could

41、 not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress

42、 by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness

43、 increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier whe

44、n they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More peo

45、ple are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his

46、 power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social p

47、rogress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the

48、 principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?2.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do fo

49、r Bhutan?3.A country shows its progress with GNP by （ ）.4.According to GNH, people are happier if they （ ）.5. Today, many countries are （ ）.问题1选项A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A generalD.A king问题2选项A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to g

50、et rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs问题3选项A.selling more productsB.spending more moneyC.spending less moneyD.providing more jobs问题4选项A.have new technologyB.can change their religionC.have a good, stable governmentD.have more money问题5选项A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progressB.wo

51、rking together to develop a common scale to measure GNHC.talking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progressD.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问吉格梅辛格旺楚克是谁?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to hel

52、p Bhutan 位名叫Jigme Singye Wangchuck国王的新的统治者决定帮助不丹王国”，所以D选项国王正确2.细节事实题。题干询问除了使不丹现代化，旺楚克还想为不丹做些什么?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.一位名叫吉格梅辛格旺楚克的新统治者决定帮助不丹成为现代化国家，但同时又不丧失其传统。”确定D选项保持其传统和习俗正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问

53、一个国家通过国民生产总值来显示它的进步通过。根据第二段第四句“When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. 当产品销量增加时，人们说这个国家正在取得进步。”确定A选项销售更多的产品正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据GNH，如果人们，他们会更快乐。在文章第三段，列举了衡量GNH的多个标准。只有C选项拥有一个良好、稳定的政府符合该段中的最后一句“people are happier when they have a good, stable government. 当人们

54、拥有一个良好、稳定的政府时，他们会更快乐。”所以C选项正确。5.细节事实题。题干询问如今，许多国家都。根据文章倒数第二段中的第二句和第三句“ Many countries arc now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. 许多国家现在对不丹的GNH感兴趣。这些国家正在研究自己衡量幸福的方法。”确定D选项试图找到自己衡量幸福的方法正确。6. 单选题The clothes a person wears may express his （

55、）or social position.问题1选项A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B选项status“地位，身份”;C选项determination “决心，果断，坚定”；D选项significance “（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“social position社会地位”确定B选项正确。7. 单选题In American universities, classes are often arranged in

56、 more flexible （ ）and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.问题1选项A.scalesB.ranksC.gradesD.patterns【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。scale规模，比例；rank等级；grade级别，阶段；pattern模式。句意：在美国大学，班级安排通常是灵活的模式，并且校园里有很多工作都是为学生准备的。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题The （ ）of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical asp

57、ect in the life style of the people.问题1选项A.manifestationB.implementationC.expeditionD.demonstration【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demonstration示范，证明。句意：文化现象的 通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。9. 单选题Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized

58、and argue that the power of the medium is （ ）.问题1选项A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项grant “（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予”；B选项imply “暗示，说明”；C选项exaggerate“夸张，夸大”；D选项remedy “纠正，改进”。根据前一句句意“大部分广播机构认为，对电视的职责是不公平的”，确定and后面的句意应是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C选项正确。10. 单选题As we can no longer wait for the d

59、elivery of our order, we have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.postponeB.refuseC.delayD.cancel【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项postpone “延迟，延期”；B选项refuse “拒绝，回绝”；C选项delay “延 期，推迟”；D选项cancel取消，撤销，终止”。as引导的原因状语从句，句意是因为不能再等订货的送达，我们不得不取消订单。所以D选项正确。11. 单选题It is time the nations of the world （ ）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear wea

60、pons.问题1选项A.would callB.callC.calledD.will call【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。It is time( that) sb. did sth.意为“是做某事的时候了.”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。12. 单选题To make the best and the most efficient use of your time and to achieve your goals, start each day by （ ）your agenda.问题1选项A.holding onB.making outC.keeping onD

61、.taking down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。hold on等一下，继续；make out理解，辨认出，设法应付；keep on继续；take down记下。句意：为了最大限度、最有效地利用你的时间并实现你的目标，你需要开始每天记录你的日程。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题I asked him for a job （ ）the impression that he was the head of the firm, but he wasnt.问题1选项A.withB.underC.inD.of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。under the impression that意为“认为.

62、觉得.”句意：我以为他是公司的领导，所以要求他给我提供一份工作，但他不是。选项B正确。14. 单选题You will see this product （ ）wherever you go.问题1选项A.to be advertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising【答案】B【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰this product。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定语，B选项正确。15. 单选题Once the question is put, we know （ ）t

63、ry to obtain the answer.问题1选项A.to proceed in direction toB.where direction proceed toC.in which direction to proceed toD.which direction proceed toward【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，know后面的成分为它的宾语，填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语；选项B中where引导地点状语；选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。16. 单选题Automation refers to the introduction of electronic con