2022-2023年考博英语-湖南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第11期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湖南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Music is the result of thought in the form of attitude, or stance. There is no one way of thinking, since mens values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific w

2、ays of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black mans music changed as he changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within change contexts. It is why the music changed that seems most important to me.When jazz first began to appear o

3、n the American scene during the twenties, in one form or another, it was introduced in many instances by white Americans. Yet its original conception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or empirical ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by

4、white musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musician was, at its most profound, a learned art.The blues, for example, which I take to be an autonomous black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white Amer

5、ican culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However the way in which jazz utilizes the blues “attitude” provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldo

6、m as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.Thus, the trumpets of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle-class boy from Lowa was an inborn intell

7、ectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the ritual of his culture. On the other hand Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional archetype, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredibl

8、e irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society; Beiderbecke, because of his isolation and deviation from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.1.Which of the followi

9、ng best states the underlying idea of the passage?2.With which of the following statements about the relationship between blues and jazz in American culture would the author be most likely to agree?3.The tone of the authors discussion of the blues is primarily one of（ ） .4.According to the author, B

10、eiderbecke and Armstrong were similar in which of the following?5.The author implies that the kinds of music produced by Beiderbecke and Armstrong differ greatly because（ ） .问题1选项A.Because of environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different.B.Because it is the re

11、sult of thought, the music of black artists can be learned by white musicians.C.Because jazz is primarily a musical form created on inspiration, it is difficult for one musician to copy the style of another.D.Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be

12、 underestimated.问题2选项A.Jazz placed more emphasis on Afro-American culture than did the bluesB.Jazz changed the attitudes of white musicians toward Afro-American culture.C.Jazz was based on the blues attitude, but expressed it in a manner that was comprehensible to white musicians.D.Jazz was a form o

13、f music that had to be understood in order to be played, whereas the blues had to be learned.问题3选项A.indifferenceB.appreciationC.curiosityD.uncertainty问题4选项A.The attitudes they brought to their music.B.Their ability to reflect other cultures in their music.C.Their relationships to the cultures of the

14、ir ancestors.D.The positions they came to hold in American society.问题5选项A.the attitudes of blacks and whites as reflected in their music are necessarily different.B.Beiderbeckes intellectualism hampered his development as a musician.C.rebellion acted as a destructive force on Beiderbeckes performanc

15、e.D.Armstrong was well established as a performer and Beiderbecke was not【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句为本文的主旨句“The black mans music changed as he changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within change contexts.”黑人的音乐随着他的改变而改变, 反映了在变化的环境中态度的转变或态度的一致。这里的“contex

16、ts”指的是环境, 所以选项A由于环境的影响, 黑人和白人艺术家的音乐一定是非常不同的, 符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“However the way in which jazz utilizes the blues “attitude” provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music.”爵士乐运用蓝调“态度”的方式提供了一个白人音乐家可以理解的音乐, 因此他可以创造出一种风格的爵士乐。选项C符合原文。

17、3.观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知, 作者认为蓝调是爵士乐中极为重要的一部分。由此可知, 作者的态度是支持的, 赞赏的。选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“Beiderbecke and Armstrong”定位到最后一段, “The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society;”令人难以置信的讽刺是, 在美国社会的上层建筑中, 这两个人所处的位置是相似的。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后几

18、句以及第四段的首句可知, Beiderbecke和Armstrong创作的音乐类型不同是因为黑人和白人对待音乐的态度是不同的, 所以选项A正确。2. 单选题Many ecologists believe that raising rare animal species in protected environment will（ ） the decline of endangered wild life.问题1选项A.curbB.fosterC.inhibitD.shortens【答案】A【解析】curb控制；foster培养；inhibit抑制, 禁止；shorten缩短, 减少。句意：许多

19、生态学家认为, 在环境保护区内饲养珍稀动物将遏制濒危野生动物的减少。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names t

20、he highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the E

21、nglish word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth ce

22、nturies, goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines

23、. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to

24、be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order

25、; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushi

26、ng up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by staring the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buy

27、ers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price that is a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock

28、 out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder in the hope of buying goods al at extremely low prices. If such a “knock-out” comes off, the real auction sale lakes place privately afterwards among the dealers.1. A c

29、andle used to bum al at auction sales _.2. An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.3. The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of order because _.4. An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because _.5. A “knock out” is arranged _.问题1选项A.because they took place a

30、t nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made问题2选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be soldC.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale问题3选项A.he sometimes wants to

31、confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers问题4选项A.then he earns more himselfB.the dealers are pleasedC.the auction-rooms become world famousD.it keeps the customers i

32、nterested问题5选项A.to keep the price in the auction room lowB.to allow one dealer only to make a profitC.to increase the auctioneers profitD.to help the auctioneer【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by t

33、he candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.（在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品通常是“借着蜡烛”出售的：拍卖师点燃一支短蜡烛，然后在蜡烛点着的时候出价。），由此可知点蜡烛是为了限制出价时间，所以D选项“限制提出报价的时间”正确。A选项“因为拍卖在晚上进行”和B选项“作为人群聚集的信号”以及C选项“让拍卖师保持温暖”文章都没有提及，属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段If the advertisement

34、 cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then pro

35、duce the lots they are likely to be interested in.（如果广告不能给出全部细节，则会打印商品目录，每一组要一起出售的商品通常会给出一个编号，称为“批次”。拍卖人不必从第一批拍品开始，按数字顺序进行拍卖；他可能会等到他知道某些商人在拍卖厅后，展示商人可能感兴趣的批次。），由此可知商品目录是为了告诉潜在买家商品拍卖的顺序，所以C选项“拍卖商品的顺序”正确。A选项“货物的当前市场价值”和D选项“拍卖会免费入场”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“待出售货物的详细信息”对应第四段第一句“拍卖通常是事先发布广告，详细说明要出售的物品以及买家可以在何时何地

36、看到这些物品”，由此可知待出售商品的详细信息并不出现在目录上，而是出现在广告上，属于张冠李戴。因此C选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段第三句The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in.（拍卖师不需要从第一批

37、拍品开始，按数字顺序进行拍卖；他可能会等到他知道某些商人在拍卖厅后，展示商人可能感兴趣的批次。），结合第四段第一句An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers.（拍卖通常会事先做广告，详细说明待售物品的详细情况，以及潜在买家可以在何时何地看到这些物品。），由此可知拍卖中很重要的是让对拍品感兴趣的人看到拍品及其信息，而拍卖人会等到拍品的潜在

38、买家在场时进行拍卖，所以B选项“根据经验他知道哪些人想要买哪些东西”正确。A选项“有时想迷惑买家”，C选项“想让某些人等着”和D选项“想减少买家的数量”文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段最后一句The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding a

39、s high as possible.（拍卖师的服务是按商品售价的百分比支付的。因此，拍卖商在尽可能提高出价方面有着直接的利益。），所以A选项“他们自己能赚更多”正确。B选项“商人们高兴”；C选项“拍卖会会更有名”和D选项“吸引顾客”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章倒数第二句Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid agai

40、nst each other but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices.（然而，即使是最好的拍卖师也发现很难阻止“拍卖勾结”，即商人事先非法协商不互相竞争，而是商定其中一人竞拍，以此用极低的价格购买商品。），由此可知拍卖勾结是为了低价买入商品，A选项“为了保持拍卖品的低价格”正确。B选项“只允许一个商人获利”对应文章最后一句If such a “knock-out” comes off, the real auction sale l

41、akes place privately afterwards among the dealers.（如果这样的“拍卖勾结”成功了，真正的拍卖江湖之后会私下进行。），由此可知在拍卖厅的拍卖结束以后，他们还会再次进行拍卖，拍卖勾结不是为了让特定的一个人获利，属于曲解原文。C选项“提高拍卖商的利润”和D选项“帮助拍卖师”文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题It was（ ） that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.attackedD.ascribed【

42、答案】B【解析】addict使沉迷，使.上瘾；allege声称，断言；attack攻击；ascribe归因于。It is alleged that为常用句型，意为“据说.”，选项B正确。5. 单选题Most staff in this office did not like the manageress, for she was known to be sly, selfish and（ ）.问题1选项A.manifestedB.manipulativeC.conscientiousD.controversial【答案】B【解析】manifested显然的；manipulative操纵的；co

43、nscientious认真的；controversial有争议的。根据句意可知, 填空处应填入和sly,selfish意思相近的贬义词, 所以选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题The sunrise as seen from the top of Mount Tai is tremendous（ ）.问题1选项A.sceneryB.spectacleC.grandeurD.landscape【答案】B【解析】scenery风景，景色；spectacle奇观，壮观；grandeur壮丽，庄严，宏伟；landscape 风景，山水画。句意：从泰山顶上看日出是一幅壮观的景象。选项C一般指建筑，所以选项B

44、更符合语境。7. 单选题The chairman reminded the lecturer not to be carried away and （ ）from the theme.问题1选项A.deviateB.escapeC.descendD.derail【答案】D【解析】deviate from为固定搭配, 意为“脱离, 偏离”。句意：主席提醒演讲者不要忘乎所以, 偏离主题。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题The Smiths went into the department store to buy things, leaving their cars engine（ ）over.问题1

45、选项A.tickingB.tumblingC.turningD.running【答案】C【解析】tick over进展缓慢；tumble over打翻；turn over发动；run over复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发动着，选项C符合句意。9. 单选题The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the Street.问题1选项A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and wa

46、lked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车，走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watched and saw，横线处是非谓语动词，在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做（瞬间）”，watch/see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事（全过程）”，C选项get off the taxi and walk into符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 翻译题

47、参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。【答案】To participate and to winthat is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong,

48、and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever betterthe ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeatedeven the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will event

49、ually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.11. 单选题Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera through the videoconferencing, not only you

50、r voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical （1） can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very （2） and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such a

51、s ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the（3） behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is（4） in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is t

52、hat your （5） will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note （6） expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meeting are made more（7）by sharing documents and computer applications that a s

53、imple telephone cannot （8） . （9） , organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to （10） essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferenci

54、ng protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.问题1选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题2选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facia

55、lF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题3选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题4选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiv

56、eC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题5选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important

57、问题6选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题7选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.pictu

58、resN.increasinglyO.important问题8选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题9选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.

59、progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important问题10选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrateK.progressiveL.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important【答案】第1题:C第2题:I第3题:L第4题:O第5题:G第6题:E第7题:B第8题:F第9题:N第10题:J【解析】（1）分析句子结构可知填空处应填入名词,

60、 再由句意可知, 被拍摄且传输应该是images, 所以选项C正确。（2）分析句子结构可知填空处应填入形容词, 根据下句“littered with jargon”可知, 选项I符合语境。（3）根据下文“ .which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.”用来解释视频会议是如何工作的。由此推断, 这里应该指带宽、延迟和等时性背后的概念, 选项L正确。（4）根据句意：良好的人际沟通在任何行业都是至关重要的。选项O符合语境。（5）根据句意：你能达到的互动越多, 你的决定就越有可能是正确的。选项G符合原文。（6）根据下文的“express

61、ions and gestures”可知, 原文指面部表情和手势, 所以选项E正确。（7）根据句意可知, 通过共享文档和计算机应用程序, 使得会议更高效。选项B符合原文句意。（8）根据原文可知, 共享文档和计算机应用程序是一个简单的电话所无法操作的, 选项F符合语境。（9）根据下文, 组织正在发现视频会议的竞争优势和力量。选项N越来越多地, 符合原文语境。（10）根据原文句意可知, 这里指具备整合必要会议工具的能力。所以选项J符合原文语境。12. 单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。13. 翻译题 The educated man is