2022-2023年考博英语-中国矿业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第50期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国矿业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as wel

2、l as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzee

3、s to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals so

4、metimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of th

5、e species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stein. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tre

6、e to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. A

7、lso, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they（ ）.3.Which of the following c

8、an be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（ ）.5.Forest primates and certain sea animals are mentioned in the passage as examples of animals that use tools EXCEPT for（ ）.问题1

9、选项A.Primates are superior to other animals in using tools.B.The use of stones as tools is similar across different animal species.C.Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D.Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.问题2选项A.use tools to gather foodB.u

10、se more than one tool to accomplish a taskC.transport tools from one place to anotherD.hide their tools from other animals问题3选项A.It uses its beak as a weapon against its enemies.B.It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C.It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D.It avoids areas

11、 where cactus grows.问题4选项A.attacking the octopus with their clawsB.using stones as weaponsC.defending themselves with sea anemonesD.hiding under sea plants问题5选项A.self-protectionB.food preparationC.hunting preyD.building nests or home【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是”。文章第一段提到动

12、物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to p

13、lace the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey），可以推

14、断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies），选项C符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“森林灵长类动物和海洋中的某些动物被用来作为动物使用工具的例子，下列哪项不包含在内”。文章第二段提到动物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，还有动物用工具来准备食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石头

15、来砸坚果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具来赶跑敌人。由此可知只有选项D没有提及，符合题意。2. 单选题The general public didnt care about the trial and so was（ ）about the verdict.问题1选项A.enragedB.apatheticC.suspiciousD.saddened【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged “激怒，暴怒”；apathetic “冷淡的，无兴趣的”； suspicious “可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden “悲哀的，可悲的”；根据句意公众不关心审判，也对判决结果（ ）。确定B选项正确。3. 单选

16、题Absolutely one of the finest buys on the market. Spacious home with large living room, separate 15-foot dining room with crystal chandelier and built-in buffet, paneled family room with fireplace, huge kitchen with lots of cabinets, big cheery breakfast room, 2.5 baths, 4 huge bedrooms (one is sepa

17、rate and could be a playroom or offers complete privacy with separate entrance for guests). There is a covered patio and landscaped yard. Better than new with draperies and new air compressor. $160,000. Call Lane Hitcher (home) 926-6043.1.What room in the above advertisement is described as having s

18、everal possible uses?2.Which room is described in the most detail?3.What detail is emphasized in the description of most rooms?4.One feature of the house that is not mentioned is（ ）.5.The “buffet” mentioned in the description is（ ）.问题1选项A.the dining roomB.the family roomC.one bedroomD.the playroom问题

19、2选项A.the living roomB.the dining roomC.the family roomD.the kitchen问题3选项A.cheerfulnessB.built-insC.type of chandeliersD.size问题4选项A.the draperiesB.the walk-in closet in the bedroomC.the landscaped yardD.paneling in the family room问题5选项A.a light fixtureB.a large mealC.a bookcaseD.a serving table for f

20、ood【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“one is separate and could be a playroom or offers complete privacy with separate entrance for guests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-f

21、oot 15英尺长”、“crystal chandelier水晶吊灯”和“built-in buffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneled with fireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“type of chandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。4

22、.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项the draperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项the landscaped yard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项paneling in the family room“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项a light fixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项a large meal“一顿大餐”；C选项a bookcase“一个书柜”；D选项a serving table for food“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有

23、的是餐桌，D选项正确。4. 单选题Jacks（ ） of black music and performers into a mainstream art form contributed in crucial but not often noted ways to desegregation.问题1选项A.transformationB.assimilationC.deviationD.diversion【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰克为将美国黑人音乐和表演者同化进一种主流艺术形式做出了很大的贡献，但是却没被当作废除种族隔离制度的一种方式。transformation “转化”

24、；assimilation “同化”；deviation “偏差，误差；背离”；diversion “转移，消遣”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The awful truth about toxic waste dumping in their neighborhood（ ） many community members.问题1选项A.informedB.appeasedC.provokedD.deceived【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。inform “通知，告诉”；appease “安抚，缓和，对.让步”； provoke “激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive “欺骗”；根据句

25、意有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（ ）了很多社区成员。确定C选项正确。6. 单选题Mental and physical health professionals may consider referring clients and patients to a music therapist for a number of reasons. It seems a particularly good choice for the social worker who is coordinating a clients case. Music therapists use music to es

26、tablish a relationship with the patient and to improve the patients health, using highly structured musical interactions. Patients and therapists may sing, play instruments, and compose music, dance, or simply listen to music, dance, or simply listen to music.The course of training for music therapi

27、sts is comprehensive. In addition to their formal musical and therapy training, music therapists are taught to discern what kinds of interventions will be most beneficial for each individual patient. Since each patient is different and has different goals, the music therapist must be able to underst

28、and the Patients situation and choose the music and activities that will do the most toward helping the patient achieve his or her goals. The referring social worker can help this process by clearly articulating each clients history.Although patients may develop their musical skills, that is not the

29、 main goal of music therapy. Any client who needs particular work on communication or on academic, emotional and social skills, and who is not responding to traditional therapy, is an excellent candidate for music therapy.1.Which of the following best organizes the main topics addressed in this pass

30、age?2.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage?3.According to information presented in the passage, music therapy can be prescribed for social work clients who（ ）.4.Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.I The role of music therapy i

31、n social workII Locating a music therapistIII How to train music therapistsB.I Using music in therapyII Atypical music therapy interventionIII When to prescribe music therapy for sociopathsC.I Music therapy and social workII Training for music therapistsIII Skills addressed by music therapyD.I How t

32、o choose a music therapistII When to refer to a music therapistIII Who benefits the most from music therapy问题2选项A.How to Use Music to Combat DepressionB.Music Therapy: A Role in Social Work?C.Training for a Career in Music TherapyD.The Social Worker as Music Therapist问题3选项A.need to develop coping sk

33、illsB.were orphaned as childrenC.need to resolve family issuesD.need to improve social skills问题4选项A.Music therapy can succeed where traditional therapies have failed.B.Music therapy is a relatively new field.C.Music therapy is particularly beneficial for young children.D.Music therapy is only approp

34、riate in a limited number of circumstances.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.主旨概括题。题目提问下列哪项最好地组织了这篇文章的主题?文章共三段，第一段的主要话题是音乐疗法与社会工作，第二段的主题是音乐理疗师的培训，第三段是音乐疗法的目的及针对的主要人群，所以C选项正确。2.主旨概括题。题目提问以下哪个是这篇文章最合适的标题？由上一题可知文章的主要讲音乐疗法与社会工作，所以B 选项音乐疗法：在社会中的角色正确。3.细节题。题目提问根据信息的通道，音乐疗法可以为.社会工作客户治疗？根据文章第三段最后一句“Any client w

35、ho needs particular work on communication or on academic, emotional and social skills, and who is not responding to traditional therapy, is an excellent candidate for music therapy. 任何需要在沟通或学术、情感和社交技能方面进行特殊工作的客户，如果对传统疗法没有反应，都是音乐疗法的最佳人选。”确定A选项需要发展应对技巧正确。4.推断题。题目提问下列哪个推论可以从文章中得出?，所以直接看选项。A选项在传统疗法失败的地方

36、，音乐疗法都能成功表达过于绝对，与文中的“对传统的心理疗法不起作用的病人可以参加音乐疗法培训”不符，排除；C选项音乐疗法尤其有益于幼儿不正确，因为文中都没有提及幼儿，排除；根据文中最后一句“对传统治疗方法不起作用的任何人都是音乐疗法的最佳人选”确定音乐疗法的适用性很广，所以D选项音乐疗法仅仅适用于有限的情况不正确。根据排除法及常识可推知B选项音乐疗法是一个比较新的领域正确。7. 单选题She threw herself into her studies with such（ ）energy that she entered the University at the age of 16 and

37、 graduated at 20.问题1选项A.completedB.performedC.concentratedD.practiced【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。completed “完整的，完全的”；performed是动词perform “执行，完成，演奏”的过去式；practiced “熟练的，有经验的，老练的”。根据句意她以如此（ ）精力投入到自己的学习中，以至她在16岁吋进入大学且在20岁时从大学毕业。 确定C选项concentrated “集中的，浓缩的，全神贯注的”正确。8. 单选题The TV news magazine sits precisely at the（ ）

38、of information and entertainment, for while it is not a silly sitcom, it is not a documentary either.问题1选项A.foundationB.junctureC.institutionD.cessation【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。foundation “基础，地基，创立”；juncture “接缝，接合”；institution “制度，建立，（社会或宗教等）公共机构”；cessation “停止，中止”。根据句中 “while it is not a silly sitcom, it is

39、 not a documentary either 虽然它不是愚蠢的情 景喜剧，但它也不是记录片。”可知空格处的句意是电视新闻杂志正好位于信息与娱乐的结合处，B 选项的“结合”正确。9. 单选题Its quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause（ ）heavy pressure on（ ）whole society in the future.问题1选项A.a; aB.the; /C.a; theD./; the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词用法。第一个空格后是pressure“压力”，为不可数名词，句中并不特指“压力”，

40、因此无须使用冠词；第二空后的是whole society“整个社会”，应用定冠词the。因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题Now the cheers and applause（ ）in a single sustained roar.问题1选项A.mingledB.tangledC.baffledD.huddled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”

41、，A选项符合题意。11. 单选题After a slow sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as（ ）o increasingly expensive conventional housing.问题1选项A.an additionB.a challengeC.an alternativeD.an introduction【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。an addition“一个增加”；a challenge“个挑战”；an alternative “种可供替代的选择”；an introduct

42、ion “一个介绍”。由关键信息“mobile homes移动房屋（房车）”与“conventional housing传统房屋”的对应可知C选项“一种可供替代的选择”正确。句意:在经历了这一年早期的销售低谷之后，移动房屋（房车）作为越来越昂贵的传统房屋的替代品已经受到人们的青睐。12. 单选题The Browns lived in a（ ）and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.问题1选项A.confessB.sufficientC.wideD.wretched【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的

43、房子里。Confess “忏悔”，动词；sufficient “足够的”；wide “宽敞的”；wretched “可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。13. 单选题A membership card（ ）the holder to use the clubs facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项approve“批准；赞成；为提供证据”；B选项authorize“批准；认可；授权给”；C选项rectify“改正；精馏”；

44、D选项endow“赋予；捐赠；天生具有”。句意：持有会员卡的人在12个月内使用俱乐部的设施。有会员卡的人自然是“被授权”使用俱乐部设施，B选项正有authorize sb. to“授权某人做”这一用法。14. 翻译题Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and othe

45、r expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat. drink or fight, but also

46、to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our effo

47、rts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.【答案】听戏剧无疑是昂贵的消费。但除非我们放弃社会赋予的选择权，否则昂贵的东西也并非富人专属。我们可以选择让那些无支付能力的人享有戏剧及其他形式的昂贵文化。但问题是，我们为什么要那样做？谁都不会否认，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必

48、不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人类伸出手来也并不只是为了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是为了涂涂画画。文化冲动，即通过想象和表征来表达、探索世界的欲望，是人类的基本特点。在欧洲，这种渴望已经在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的杰作中得以实现。这些杰作是衡量我们一切努力的标准，也是人类思想和想象力可能达到的高度。它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。15. 单选题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering t

49、his question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities dependently striving for something which is inadequate supply. Compet

50、itors may aware of one another, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because

51、 it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inev

52、itability of war form the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle fo

53、r existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animal. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rat

54、her the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The success

55、ful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-1ike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is1.In the first parag

56、raph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to（ ）.2.According the author, competition differs from conflict in that（ ）.3.The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Line7, Para. 1) most probably means（ ）.4.The passage is probably intended to answer the question “（ ）.问题1

57、选项A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize that characteristic features of cooperation问题2选项A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.

58、it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence问题3选项A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another问题4选项A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition l

59、ead to conflict?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者给一些术语下了定义，目的是”。文章第一段提到“这些定义是有必要的，因为必须强调在一个资源有限的世界中，个人或团体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但是此冲突不是彼冲突” （These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited r

60、esources, but conflict is not conflict），由此可以看出作者是为了区分两种“冲突”，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，竞争与冲突的区别在于”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者认为战争是不可避免的，其前提是在动物物种的斗争中，只有适者生存。一般来说，这种斗争在本质上是竞争，而不是冲突”（Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war form the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species,

61、 only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict），因此选项D“它本质是为了生存斗争”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“短语function in the disservice of each other的意思是”。该短语与后文的function in the service of one another 相对应，意思与之相反，选项B符合题意。4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章可能主要是为了回答这个问题”。文章第一句话提到战争是不可避免这个问题

62、得到世界上很多伟大作家的关注（The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers）；文章最后一句话提到国家之间像战争一样的冲突不可避免，但是竞争是不可避免的（it cannot be said that war-1ike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is），可知全文都是在围绕着“战争能否避免”这话题展开，选项A符合题意。16. 填空题A healthy diet with proper nutrition is essential for maintaining good overall health.（1）it was discovered earlier in this century, people have routinely（2）taking supplements for this purpose. The Recommended Diet