2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题15（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题A few months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合

2、并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal “刑事的、

3、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”，D项名词penalty “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Alcohols can also （ ） judgment to the extent that you may not make the best or brightest decisions in a cold weather emergency.问题1选项A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项impart “传授”，B项impact

4、“影响”，C项impair “损害、削弱”，D项impose “利用”；句意：酒精也会影响你的判断力，让你在寒冷天气的紧急情况下无法做出最佳或最明智的决定。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organiza

5、tion, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by m

6、ost Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring

7、 that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where m

8、any businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freed

9、om than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea o

10、f equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed

11、 as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who can benefit from business com

12、petition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to t

13、he American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their custome

14、rsC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious tha

15、n people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The busine

16、ss of America is business可能是什么意思？”。第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业。因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业是美国人第一关心的”。A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业

17、”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到。故该题选C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”。第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还

18、是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值。因此D选项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”。第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its

19、customers more fairly.（如果一个商业机构试图不公平地利用它的顾客，它就会输给那些对待顾客更公平的竞争对手），由此推断出竞争不仅有利于顾客的利益，也有利于公平对待客户的商业机构。A项“诚实的商人”不够全面；C项“拥有平等和自由理想的人们”和D项“商业机构和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B选项“商人和顾客”正确。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“人们认为政府与商业有显著的不同，因为政府的特点是什么？”。第四段第一句A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government,

20、 which is a monopoly.（竞争的商业和政府的垄断总是经常拿来对比），可以推断出政府和商业竞争相比，政府的垄断是权利上的操控，B项“保护个人自由的功能”这是竞争的特点；C项“保护美国基本价值观方面的作用”没有提到；D项“行使领导的民主方式”，只提到了政府的垄断，没有提到民主。因此A选项“对权利的绝对控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从这篇文章可以推断出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on f

21、amily background.（竞争的成功被美国人视为基于家庭背景而产生的社会地位的替代），即美国是不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，从而推断出，相反其他国家就要依靠社会地位。A项“美国人比其他国家的人更具野心”、C项“美国商业比其他国家更民主”和D项“其他国家的商业不像美国商业一样有竞争性”没有提到。因此B选项“许多国家的成功取决于一个人的社会地位”正确。5. 单选题Some parents （ ） education with exam success.问题1选项A.equalB.equateC.equalizeD.equality【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项equal “等于”，B

22、项equate “视为平等”，C项equalize “使相等”，D项名词equality “平等”；句意：有些父母把教育和考试成绩优秀视为一样。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （ ）.问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词

23、division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得任何股息。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible （ ） erosion.问题1选项A.ofB.toC.withD.by【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项of “的”，B项to “到、朝、对于”，C项with “和”，D项by “由、被、到之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蚀。be susceptible to “易受的影响”；因此B选项正确。8. 写作题Directions: “Publish or peris

24、h” is well-known in the academic world. Do you agree or disagree with this view points. Please express your opinion in about 150 words.【答案】略9. 单选题A piece of glass was embedded （ ） her hand.问题1选项A.withB.withinC.inD.inside【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析及搭配。A项with “和”，B项within “在之内”，C项in “在里”，D项inside “内部、内侧”；句意：一块玻璃扎

25、在她的手上。embed in “嵌入”；因此C选项正确。10. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the following passage into English.【答案】The 2018

26、 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to the survey, the ave

27、rage time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, said that the quality of life per capita

28、in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.11. 单选题The producers refused to even talk about residuals. They put forth a simple and （ ） question:Why should any employee be paid more than once for the same job?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.co

29、mpetentD.compulsive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling “令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项component “组成的”，C项competent “有能力的”，D项compulsive “强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。12. 单选题Im worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词

30、辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I （1） the idea of taking the class becaus

31、e, after all, who doesnt want to （2） a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent （3） enough about free credits, news about our （4） was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which （5） I would be learning from one of the games （6）. I co

32、uld hardly wait to （7） him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this （8） was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it （9） that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to （10） the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper

33、 on how we plan to （11） what we would learn in class to our future professions and （12） to our lives. I managed to get an A in that （13） and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the （14）.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （15） me: “the absolut

34、e most important （16） that you learn when you play chess is how to make good （17）.On every single move you have to （18） a situation, process what your opponent is doing and （19） the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my （20）as a journalist.问题1选项A.put forward

35、B.jumped atC.tried outD.turned down问题2选项A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay问题3选项A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired问题4选项A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor问题5选项A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant问题6选项A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest问题7选项A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat问题8选项A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job问题

36、9选项A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible问题10选项A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe问题11选项A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare问题12选项A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally问题13选项A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment问题14选项A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation问题15选项A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised问题16选项

37、A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill问题17选项A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments问题18选项A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control问题19选项A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate问题20选项A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:

38、A第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查上下文语义和动词短语。A项put forward “提出”，B项jumped at “欣然接受，急切的接受”，C项tried out “试验、考验”，D项turned down “减小，调低（声音）、拒绝”；上文说I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.（我被告知教育部门为学生提供了一门免费的课程思考象棋，这门课程有三个学分），由此可以看出是欣然/急切的接受

39、了这门课程，因此选B。2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项waste “浪费”，B项earn “获得”，C项save “节省、储蓄、保存”，D项pay “支付”；上文提到急切的接受这门课程，推断是因为“我”想省钱；所以此处用“save”最合适，save money “省钱、存钱”；因此选C。3. 【试题解析】考查语义和形容词辨析。A项excited “感到激动的”，B项worried “担心的”，C项moved “感动的”，D项tired “疲劳的”；通过even if I werent （ ） enough about free credits, news about our （ ） was

40、 appealing enough to me句子和上文“我”对免费课程是欣然接受的态度来看，关于免费的学分“我”是感到激动的；句意：即使免费的学分不足以让我感到激动，但关于的消息就足够吸引我。因此A项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语义和名词辨析。A项title “标题”，B项competitor “对手”，C项textbook “教科书”，D项instructor “指导员、教员”；根据下文He was an international grand master （他是一位国际象棋大师），由此看，此处需要填入的词义为“老师/指导员”；因此此处D项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项urg

41、e “驱策、催促”，B项demand “要求”，C项hold “持有”，D项mean “意味着”；根据句子He was an international grand master, which （ ） I would be learning from one of the games，可以推断句意是“他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味着我将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习”，因此此处D项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。A项fastest “最快速的”，B项easiest “最容易的”，C项best “最好的”，D项 rarest “最罕见的”；根据上文“我”的导师是国际象棋大师，可知 “

42、我”将在数一数二的象棋棋手那里学习；one of the best “最好的之一、数一数二”；此处C项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项interview “面试、采访”，B项meet “见到”，C项challenge “挑战”，D项 beat “打败”； 根据句子“I could hardly wait to （ ） him” 可以知道句意“我等不及要去见他了”；cant /can hardly wait to do sth.等不及干某事。因此此处只有B项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项chance “机会”，B项qualification “资格”，C项honor “荣誉

43、”，D项 job “工作”；上文说Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach（Maurice Ashley善良又聪明，他是以前的一位毕业生，后来回来教书），可知此处词义是“工作”；因此D项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项real “真正的”，B项perfect “完美的”，C项clear “清楚的”，D项possible “可能的”；根据句子he made it （ ） that our credits would be hard-earned猜测句意应是“他给我们说清楚了这个学分会

44、很难拿到”；make it clear“弄清楚、说清楚”，因此此处C项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项attend “参加”，B项pass “通过”，C项skip “跳跃”，D项 observe “遵守、观察”；上文提到这个学分很难拿到，按照逻辑，此处应该是通过考试。句意：为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇论文。因此B项符合。11. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项add “添加”，B项expose “暴露”，C项apply “应用”，D项compare “比较”；上文说学分很难拿，本句说“我们”必须写一篇论文，猜测句意是：我们必须写一篇论文关于怎么把我们学的知识应用到未来的职业生活中。此

45、处需要填入的词义为“应用”；apply to “把应用到”。因此C项符合。12. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项eventually “最终地”，B项naturally “自然地”，C项directly “直接地”，D项normally “正常地”；上文说“我们”写一篇关于怎么把课堂里学到的知识应用于未来职业中的论文，这里要表达的是递进的意思，句意是：最终我们将课堂学到的知识应用到我们的生活中。因此A项符合。13. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项game “游戏”，B项presentation “介绍”，C项course “课程”，D项experiment “实验”；上文谈到为了通过考试，需要

46、写一篇论文，此处应该与上文对应填course，句意是：我设法在这门课程拿了个A。因此C项符合。14. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项criterion “标准”，B项classroom “教室”，C项department “部门”，D项situation “情况”；前面说到and learned life lessons that have served me well（学到的人生经验让我受益匪浅），可以推断“我”是在这门课学到的，这是超越课堂之外的，因此应该填classroom；句意是：我还学习到了课堂外对我受益匪浅的生活课程。因此B项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项teach

47、“教”，B项write “写”，C项question “提问”，D项promise “承诺”；根据句子Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he （ ） me来看，这里的he是指Ashley，即“我”的老师，老师对学生是教授。句意：十年之后，我仍然在运用Ashley在课堂上教我的方法。因此A项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项fact “事实”，B项step “步”，C项manner “方式”，D项skill “技能”；此句句意是：你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能就是如何

48、做出好的决定。因此D项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。 A项grade “分数、等级”， B项decision “决定”，C项impression “印象”，D项comment “评论”；此处表达的应该是“如何做出好的决定”；make decision “做决定”。因此B项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项analyze “分析”，B项describe “描述”，C项rebuild “重建”，D项control “控制”；此句on every single move you have to （ ） a situation表达的应该是“下棋时你的每一步都要分析形势”。因此A项正

49、确。19. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项announce “宣布”，B项signal “发信号”，C项block “阻塞”，D项evaluate “评估”；此句process what your opponent is doing and _ the best move from among all your options表达的应该是“审清你的对手要干什么，然后评估出最好的一步”。因此D项符合。20. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项role “角色”，B项desire “欲望”，C项concern “涉及，关系到”，D项behavior “行为”；此句These words still r

50、ing true in my （ ） as a journalist表达的应该是“现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然正确”；另外提到了journalist “记者”，是一种职业，所以填role符合语义。因此A项正确。14. 单选题With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, its not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day

51、of our lives. Putting a smile on someones face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps, as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you

52、are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I dont know the person Im joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in

53、any situation, but also is common courtesy to speak to others that are around you.I know of a few people that dont have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on the

54、ir face. They dont get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a

55、lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together

56、and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.1. According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that （ ）.2. The author answers the question in Paragraph 2 with （ ）.3. The phrase “busting a gut” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by （ ）.4. Which is not mentioned as a function humor play

57、s in life?5. In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to （ ）.问题1选项A.it makes people more confidentB.it can pick up peoples spiritsC.it can help get rid of the cruelty in the worldD.it can help people get on well with others问题2选项A.facts and descriptionsB.evidence and argumentC.examples and c

58、onclusionD.stories and persuasion问题3选项A.explaining carefullyB.speaking loudC.keeping silentD.laughing hard问题4选项A.Humor can reduce stress.B.Humor helps to land a job offer.C.Humor can drive sadness away.D.Humor can make your family happy.问题5选项A.talk about his own understanding of humorB.encourage peo

59、ple to be humorous in daily lifeC.introduce a practical way to get through daily lifeD.convince people of the power of being optimistic about life【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“幽默的有用之处在于（ ）?”。第一段第一句but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through eac

60、h and every day of our lives.（拥有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是为了帮助我们度过生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人们的精神；A项“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解压；C项“帮助人们摆脱残酷的世界”，这是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用来说明幽默能让自己在残酷生活中缓解压力；D项“帮助人们与人友好相处”，文中只是提到幽默也是一种人与人之间的礼貌，着重点还是在于幽默可以解压。因此B项“打起/鼓舞人们的精神”正确。2.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者第二段回答问题用的是什么?”。第二段的问题是How would you feel if you could

61、 not jokeor even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，邻居，亲密的朋友，甚至只是一个和你一起在街角商店排队的人开玩笑，你会有什么感觉?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子来回答这个问题并且做出了结论，因此该题C选项“例子和结论”正确。3.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段中的短语busting a gut可以用哪个词替代?”。根据第三段第二句Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.（他们周围的人听了这个笑话可能会在地板上打滚，但他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝笑容。）结合后面I am busting a gut while they just sit there可以推断出，当他们坐在那里的时候，“我”是和他们周围的人一样笑得在地板上打滚。因此，可以猜出busting a gut在这里是“大笑”的意思，因此D选项 “努力地大笑”正确。4.【试题解析】细节判断题。题干意思是