2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前模拟强化练习题79（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can（）attack their trainer.问题1选项A.unexpectedlyB.deliberatelyC.reluctantlyD.subsequently【答案】A【解析】词义辨折题。Unexpectedly意外地,出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；reluctantly不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后,后来。句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。选

2、项A符合句意。2. 单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so（）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.clearB.integratedC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。句意：亨利关于这次会议的新闻报道非常全面,没有遗漏任何东西。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Einsteins special Theory of Relativity is quite（）me.问题1选项A.out ofB.beyondC.fromD.over【答案】B【解

3、析】句意：爱因斯坦的相对论超出了我的能力范围。beyond sb.指超出某人的能力,非某人力所能及,所以选项B更符合句意。4. 单选题The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public

4、awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ecosystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with

5、 McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful system of balance which humanity has partially upset and must r

6、estore.” Earth day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on

7、 April 22, 1970, twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 colleges and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we dr

8、ink, and the health of the planet was live in. those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, so

9、il, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continues with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.Earth Day activities are supported and sponsore

10、d by a large network of organizations, government agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the natio

11、nal consciousness and provides an opportunity to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades.1

12、.This passage is mainly concerned with（）2.According to the passage, on March 21, （）3.Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day?4.Which of the following statements is correct?5.It can be concluded that（）问题1选项A.how to start a national holidayB.when the Earth day was introdu

13、cedC.the reasons for establishing the Earth DayD.the origin and movement of the Earth Day问题2选项A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnellB.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebrationC.day and night are equally divided throughout the worldD.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throug

14、hout the year问题3选项A.October 1, 1969.B.March 21, 1970.C.April 22, 1970.D.March 21, 1972.问题4选项A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.B.The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution.C.Some people

15、 cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and agriculture because of their pollution.D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.问题5选项A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaignB.people have learn

16、ed to use Earth Day activities as instrument to acquire what they wantC.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in mediaD.Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past years【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读

17、全文可知, 第一段主要是讲世界地球日的由来以及活动；第二段主要是讲地球日活动举办的意义。所以选项D正确。选项A表述错误, 选项B和 C不全面。2.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段第四句“The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox.”可知3月21号是春分。然后接下来的一句话“This is the moment when night and day a

18、re equal throughout the earth.”说明春分这一天地球上昼夜时长相等。所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Earth day was established.on the day of the March Equinox.”可知, 1971年, 联合国宣布每年3月春分那天举行地球日庆祝活动, 地球日因此受到联合国的欢迎。但是每年的春分在阳历里面的日子是不固定的, 所以并不是每年的3月21号都是地球日。根据下文“When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1

19、970,”可知, 1970 年 4 月 22 号是美国庆祝的第一个地球日。所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第一段可知, 第一次地球日活动有两千万人参与, 但并没有说只是学生和教员, only表述错误, 选项A错误。第一段的倒数第二句“Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution.”可知, 人们关心的问题已扩展到空气、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以选项B符合原文。选项C和D在文中都没提及。5.判断推理题。选项A文

20、中只提到很多组织和公司都在支持地球日活动, 并没有提及他们因活动造成了巨大损失。选项B人们庆祝地球日不是为了自己的利益, 而是为了生态环保, 表述错误。选项C原文提到三种手段, 所以这里表达不全面。选项D符合原文最后一句话, 正确。5. 单选题Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed（）.问题1选项A.had producedB.would have producedC.have been producedD.had been produced【答案】D

21、【解析】考查时态。句意：在1897年到1919年期间,至少有29部电影采用了假人进行拍摄。根据句意可知主谓之间应为被动语态,所以首先排除选项A和B；电影是在过去拍摄的,所以这里的时态应为完成时。选项D正确。6. 单选题It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization through which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to

22、meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely untenable（难 维持的）, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may b

23、e hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village, and the like will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control this training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as

24、the town, township, and later the state or the province, becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.1.The closest restatement of the first sentence is（）2.The writer would probably argue for（）3.According to the passage, the reason why the l

25、ocal government unit becomes influential is that （）4.The author promises to explain（）5.We may infer from the context that the phrase “the task” in Line 6 refers to （）问题1选项A.the more complex a social organization becomes, the more complex the educational system becomesB.the complexity of a social org

26、anization depends on the complexity of the educational systemC.social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposesD.our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve our childrens educational requirements问题2选项A.more parental influence in education

27、B.an educational system which takes social complexity into accountC.strict state control of educationD.more special training for teachers问题3选项A.teachers become too powerfulB.enrollment increasesC.a need arises to control the education of teachersD.the church or village lacks the ability to oversee e

28、ducation问题4选项A.the necessity of the local governmental unitB.why it is simpler to use the government to control educationC.the responsibility of the social groupD.why parents should not teach their children问题5选项A.the education of childrenB.the training of teachersC.the control of educationD.the infl

29、uence of the local government unit【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是：当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时, 它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂, 教育系统就越复杂。选项A更符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知, 作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响, 所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性, 选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误, 选项C和D不是作者主要讨论的话题。3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“special training is required. beco

30、mes necessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训, 需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此, 地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.”可以推断作者接下来应该会解释：为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容, （仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去, 专业人员将会处理

31、这一任务。由此推断, 这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育, 选项A正确。7. 单选题The Government is（）the danger of lead pollution in our cities.问题1选项A.going forB.counting onC.looking intoD.turning up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。go for主张，拥护；count on指望，依靠；look into调查，观察；turn up出现,发生。句意：政府正在对本城市的主要危险污染物进行调查。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Wealthy people sometimes feel a（）to

32、 steal things they can easily afford to buy.问题1选项A.priorityB.compulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。priority优先；compulsion冲动；privilege特权；repulsion排斥，厌恶。句意：富人有时会有一种冲动，想要偷一些他们很容易买得起的东西。选项B符合原文。9. 单选题At the beginning of this semester, our English teacher（）a list of books for us to read.问题1选项A.pa

33、ssed onB.fished outC.handed inD.made out【答案】D【解析】passed on传递,通过,去世；fished out摸索出；handed in上交,呈送；made out说明,填写,理解。句意：新学期开始的时候,我们的英语老师就列出了需要我们读的书的清单。made out a list of.指列出.的清单,选项D符合句意。10. 单选题The notes above were set down for a lecture in 1967, and I find myself now making a few changes to bring them u

34、p to date, none of much consequence.（1）I see the case now, there is one point these old notes seem to be driving（2）which never quite gets articulated but which（3）a lot for me these days. It seems（4）, in fact; and especially so perhaps in view of the present condition of American poetry. Far more tha

35、n the reality of the scene, which I nonetheless highly prize, I would call（5）now to the absolute purity of style achieved in this little masterpiece, and effortlessly achieved,（6）to be equaled even by Williams. Other poems by Williams - certainly poems by other poets are much richer（7）what they enco

36、mpass;（8）vision is deeper and the character of the poet stands as a more affecting human presence. Often enough the language is more（9）. But this poem is perfectly said. Lean, streamlined; and there is（10）extra, no excrescence, no excess, no showing off; nor indeed any shortcoming whatever. We have（

37、11）we see; we have it exactly Art can aspire higher and no doubt, at times, should.（12）not always. I think of Wang Wei: the Chinese effect in general, here（13）. I begin to understand how a critic like Winters can argue that the brief lyric may be greater than a complete tragedy,lyric can hope for pe

38、rfection, a(n)（15）wholeness and unity. One of Williams many admirers has written（16）“Between Walls” that since “there is no living thing in the poem - just a mockery of the color of growing plants - the feeling of the poem is . sterile and airless.” But this opinion can only be the result of an absu

39、rd prejudice, probably got up out of some all（17）simple understanding of the organic and the natural. There is no mockery in this green: imitation, yes, and, one might（18）suggest, a certain pathos and bravery in the imitation. There is more to（19）than that, but there is, just glintingly, that. Meanw

40、hile we do have also, thanking the muse of reality, pieces of a broken bottle, the real thing, as good as（20）green leaf here.问题1选项A.AsB.ThoughC.AndD.Because问题2选项A.toB.throughC.inD.at问题3选项A.acknowledgesB.calculatesC.makesD.counts问题4选项A.crucialB.impossibleC.mediocreD.unnecessary问题5选项A.forthB.mindC.att

41、entionD.back问题6选项A.alreadyB.rarelyC.surelyD.actually问题7选项A.onB.toC.inD.from问题8选项A.theirB.itsC.whoseD.its问题9选项A.vulgarB.virtuousC.brilliantD.favorable问题10选项A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything问题11选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.and问题12选项A.SoB.ButC.ThusD.For问题13选项A.naturalizedB.socializedC.sympathizedD.p

42、hilosophized问题14选项A.as long asB.lestC.sinceD.while问题15选项A.unflawedB.mistakenC.fragmentedD.far-fetched问题16选项A.offB.forC.inD.of问题17选项A.littleB.muchC.veryD.too问题18选项A.evenB.yetC.howeverD.nevertheless问题19选项A.itB.themC.thoseD.these问题20选项A.manyB.muchC.someD.any【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第

43、9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）连词辨析题。根据句意：正如我现在看到的情况.选项A符合句意。（2）固定搭配。drive at用意所在。句意：这些旧笔记的用意似乎没有很清晰地被表达出来。（3）词意辨析题。acknowledge承认、答谢；calculate计算、推测；make使得；count有价值、计算。这里指它们对我很有价值。选项D符合句意。（4）词意辨析题。crucial关键的；impossible不可能的；mediocre普通的；unnecessary不必要的。原文指这

44、些笔记看起来很普通。（5）固定搭配。call attention to唤起注意。本文指呼吁大家关注这篇杰作淳朴的风格。（6）词意辨析题。rarely很少地、难得。本文指很少有人能够写出如此绝对风格淳朴的诗歌。（7）介词搭配。rich in在.方面很丰富。本文指他们诗歌所包含的内容要丰富得多。（8）代词辨析题。their指前面提到的 Williams和其他诗人。（9）词意辨析题。vulgar通俗的；virtuous善良的；brilliant杰出的；favorable喜爱的。这里指语言通俗易懂。选项A符合原文。（10）代词辨析题。根据下文“no excrescence, no excess, no

45、 showing off.”可知填空处应填入表否定的代词，只有选项C符合句意。（11）分析句子结构可知，缺少see的宾语。选项what符合句意。（12）连词辨析题。根据上下文：毫无疑问，有时也应该如此， ，并不总是如此。由此可知，这里应填入but表转折。（13）动词辨析题。naturalized移植、归化；socialized社会化；sympathized同情、支持；philosophized 使哲学化、理性地思考。根据下文的“tragedy”可知选项C符合原文。（14）考查逻辑连接词。根据原文：一首简洁的抒情诗的内涵会大于一首完整的悲情诗的内涵，因为抒情诗有更完美的期待。上下文存在因果关系，

46、since表原因。（15）词意辨析题。unflawed完美无缺的；mistaken被误解的；fragmented支离破碎的；far-fetched牵强附会的。填空处的词用来修饰wholeness and unity（整体和统一体），选项A符原文。（16）根据原文：威廉姆斯的众多崇拜者之一曾为墙与墙之间写过这样一段话 。为了.用for。（17）根据原文：但这种观点只能是一种荒谬偏见的结果，大概是出于对一些过于简单的有机和自然的认识。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文：模仿，是的，甚至有人会说，模仿中有某种悲怆和勇敢。选项A符合原文。（19）根据原文：这首诗的意境不仅仅局限于那些。It特指这首诗。（

47、20）根据原文，leaf 为单数，所以只能选D。11. 单选题Oh, what a nuisance! It（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.问题1选项A.would have beenB.had beenC.would beD.was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真讨厌,我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来,我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了。would have done为虚拟语气,表示本应该做的事但

48、却没有做。12. 单选题This young man,（）with a craving for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。obsessed with沉迷于；negotiated with与协商；compromised with向 （某人）妥协；provided with给提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题To say that t

49、he child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4）Look at it from the ch

50、ilds point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for a/an（10）There is a seco

51、nd element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action is unpleasant, that he s

52、hould walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and（18）some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of

53、others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.fromB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.for

54、C.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题14选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题15选项A.informedB.askedC.

55、notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析

56、】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意。（2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”。（4）turn to转向, 求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。（5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入ready。a ready response快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。（6）gain ones ends为固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。（7）这里表达的是孩子面对

57、这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意。（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文。（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。（11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。（

58、12）attain ones goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文。（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from。（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化, 符合句意。inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符。（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形, 选项A正确。（17）be overlaid with为固定搭配, 意为“被掩盖”。（18）句意：当父

59、母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义, 故排除。（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确。（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题It is generally believed that true friendship is like health,（）is seldom known till it is lost.问题1选项A.the value of whichB.its valueC.the value of itD.its value【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。the value of which在句中充当主语,选项A正确。其他选项都有自己的主语,但缺少连词,所以不选。15. 单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the presen