初中英语被动语态

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1、初中英语被动语态英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，我们要了解以下几点： 一在哪些情况下使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on t

2、he bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for

3、 the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed i

4、n Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.2.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其

5、时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）将

6、动词改为be+过去分词。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. （3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth. We were to

7、ld the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us. The truth was told to us by Jack. Tom gave me a pen.(主) I was given a pen by Tom.(被) Tom gave a pen to me. （主） A pen was given to me by Tom.(被) write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。 You brought me a big cake. (主) A big cake was brought to me by you

8、. (被) She wrote me a letter.(主) A letter was written to me by her.(被) 四注意事项： 1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。 I will give him a pen.(主) He will be given a pen by me.(被) 我将给他一支笔。 2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。 1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主) 我听到你和彼得谈话。 You were heard to talk with Peter. (被) 2）I saw her

9、come out of the classroom.(主) 我看见她出了教室。 She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被) 3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth 3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。 People eat watermelons in the summer.(主) Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被) 在夏天吃西瓜。 4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。 1)

10、You should not blame me. (主) 你不应该责怪我。 I should not be blamed by you. (被) 2) You should not write this letter.(主) 你不应该写这封信。 This letter should not be written by you.(被) 5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。 1) Does she drive this car?(主) Is this car driven by her?(被) 2) What shall we do next?(主) What will be done by

11、 us next?(被) 6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。 Open the door please.(主) Let the door be opened please.(被) 7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。 Tom hurt himself. (主) Tom was hurt. (被) 8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： be动词 起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She

12、seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）, belong to ,cost, take

13、3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 1、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. 2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。 5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 6

14、、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 8、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。 9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 10、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people

15、 in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done

16、; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨

17、天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had

18、been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 被动语态专项练习 单项选择 1. Good books _ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ough

19、t to read 2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ? A. was, happen B. di

20、d, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in t

21、he last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown 10. He

22、_ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been

23、 taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941. A. broke out B. had

24、been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽). A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night. A. are made work B. are made t

25、o work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Roadis _of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children. A. is, si

26、nging B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week. A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now. A. will b

27、e mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class. A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual. A. can be

28、 seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week. A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _

29、 . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 21. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A. been give

30、n B. given C. to give D. be given 23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 24. Can such a thing _ happening again? A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from 25. A new house _ at the corner of the

31、road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 26. This bike _ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought 27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year? A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 28. It _ whether she will

32、get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided 29. The pen _ me. It is hers. A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to 30. I cant use my bike because it _. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D.

33、 was repairing 31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard 32- The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt

34、 been cleaned 33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 34.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employ

35、ed 35.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them 36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. kille

36、d B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 37. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no an easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A.

37、is changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change 39. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 40. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 初中英语被动语态专项练习 ( ) 1

38、The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 Thi

39、s kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )7 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling

40、C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 8 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. ar

41、e needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 11His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. hav

42、e not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 My shoes are worn out. _ A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 16 _ the watch been

43、repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 17 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C.

44、written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am ( ) 21 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( )23 The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to

45、do B. do C. did D. done( ) 24 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( )25 These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 26 Thesestones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( )27

46、The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 28 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had( ) 29 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( )30 You can

47、t use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 31 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( )32 The watch has often _ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( ) 33 Please pass me

48、 another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( )34 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing( )35What time _ the door _ every day? A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close( )36 Can he_himself?

49、A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 37 He fell from his bike and _. A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt( )38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_ A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn( )39 The apple_very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tas

50、tes D. are tasting( )40You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( ) 41 What you said _. like a good idea. A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded( )42 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. s

51、eeing( )43.How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( )44.The book is worth _. A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read( )45 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( )46 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month

52、. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( )47 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( )48 The old stone bridge _ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going t

53、o be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )49 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( )50 The pot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )51 Tea _ in the south of China. A. g

54、rows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )55 The bridges_ two years ago. WO Its a Haidian top problem A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 56 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( ) 57The river smells terrible. People must _

55、dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( )58 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( )59 Old people must be looked fter well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( )60Old

56、 people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 61 Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 62 They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 63 These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( ) 64 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 65 The