无负压供水方案设备设计【含CAD高清图纸和说明书】
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目录摘要Abstract第一章 绪论11.1 课题研究的目的和意义11.2 二次供水发展历史21.3国内外无负压供水研究现状41.4传统二次供水方式存在的问题51.5本课题的研究内容61.6本课题预计达到的目标61.7完成课题的方案和主要措施6第二章 无负压供水方案简介72.1方案的工作原理72.2方案的工作流程72.3 方案的适用范围82.4 方案的核心技术无负压技术8第三章 设备的参数计算及设计103.1 稳流罐允许进水量的计算103.2 稳流罐调节容积计算123.3 稳流罐总容积的计算133.3 实例计算133.3.1工程概况133.3.2计算最大出水量143.3.3 确定水表特性系数143.3.4计算水泵扬程153.3.5水泵的选型153.3.6稳流罐容积的核算153.3.7 真空抑制器的设计16总结17参考文献18附录:翻译译文及原文无负压供水方案设备设计摘要:近年来,随着科技的进步,二次供水设备作为一种新兴的二次供水产品,在节能和环保方面有独特的优势,无负压供水系统将市政供水管网和用户合并成为一个整体,在充分利用市政管网余压的情况下,进行变频无负压供水,即节水节电又可以防止二次污染。论文分析了无负压供水系统的组成、工作原理、工作流程、适用范围及其核心技术,即无负压技术。并对一高层住宅楼进行了实际的数据计算,根据所计算的数据设计选择不同型号的水泵和确定稳流罐的容积,并对稳流罐、真空抑制器等主要结构进行设计。关键词:无负压、二次供水、节能、流量、扬程。 No negative pressure water equipment design programAbstract: In recent years, with advances in technology, secondary water supply equipment as anew secondary water supply products, energy saving and environmental protection has unique advantages, no negative pressure water supply system will be municipal water supply network and user merged into a whole, in the case of full use of the residual pressure in the municipal pipe network, no negative pressure frequency conversion water supply, water saving that can also prevent secondary pollution. This paper analyzes the composition of non-negative pressure water supply system, working principle, workflow, scope and its core technologies, namely non-vacuum techniques. And a high-rise residential building were actual data calculations, select different types of pumps and determine the steady flow tank volume calculated based on data design, and the main structure of the steady flow tank, vacuum suppressors design.Keywords: No negative pressure、 Secondary water supply、Energy、Flow、Head第一章 绪论1.1 课题研究的目的和意义水是自然界一切生命赖以生存的不可替代的物质,又是社会发展不可缺少的重要资源。目前,世界上 80 个国家或占全球 40%的人口严重缺水。据预测,今后 30 年内全球55%以上的人口将面临水荒。就我国而言,水资源不足尤其是人均占有量低已经成为我国的基本国情。而近年来,随着经济的快速增长,城市化建设的不断加快,人口的不断增加,土地需求日益紧张,高层建筑层出不穷。为满足建筑内部用水点对水量、水压和水质的要求,必须对自来水进行二次加压,因此,选择一种既能节水节能,又能保障供水安全的供水方式,这对降低建筑耗能、提高供水安全可靠性具有重要的意义。建筑内部给水系统是将城镇供水管网或自备水源的水引入室内,经配水管送至生活、生产和消防用水设备,并满足用水点对水量、水压和水质要求的冷水供应系统。从上世纪末开始,随着城市规模的不断扩大,城市建筑业得到突飞猛进的发展,10 层和10 层以上的住宅或建筑高度超过 24 米的其他民用建筑等高层建筑越来越多,使得城市的总用水量中,建筑内部用水占据的比例逐年增加,二次供水得到了更为广泛的应用。目前,我国城市自来水管网的压力在非用水高峰时,一般在 0.2MPa0.35Mpa,此压力2值只能满足低层和多层建筑的供水需求,所以为了弥补市政供水管网压力的不足,高层建筑内部供水系统须使用二次加压设施以满足需求。现有通常的供水方式都是将自来水放入蓄水池,然后由水泵将水从水池抽至屋顶的高位水箱,再由高位水箱向用户供水。这种供水方式存在严重的能量浪费问题:第一,将原本有压力能的水放到水池中变成了无压力能和势能的水,使得二次加压供水时需要更多的能量;第二,由于用水量是随时间变化的,大多数水泵并未在高效区运行,水泵低效率运行会浪费更多的电能。另外这种供水方式还存在严重的水质二次污染问题,据调查,各地二次供水主要水质指标都存在不同程度的超标。例如,深圳市对 274 个二次供水贮水池水质进行调查,合格率更低,经水池后余氯合格率不大于 30,大体积水池的合格率只有 10.6。兰州市目前使用二次供水的人口占全市总人口的近 70%,全市二次供水单位约 1200 家,二次供水设施约 1400 多个。2010 年,通过对兰州市 356 家单位的二次供水水质的调查发现,水样检测合格率为 68.35%,其中,游离性余氯合格率最低,仅为 57.31%,其次是细菌总数和总大肠菌群,合格率均低于 60%。迄今为止,发现至少有 10 余种传染病可以通过水传播,如伤寒、痢疾、霍乱等,一些病毒引起的病症也可以通过水进行传播。另外,水污染导致微量元素过多,容易引起身体器官的功能改变,严重的甚至会引起中毒。例如,l 998 年湖南省地税局办公楼工作人员集体腹泻,后被证实问题就是出在二次供水的水质上,(12) United States Patent US007201180B2 (10) Patent N0.: US 7,201,180 B2 Ephrat et a1. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 10, 2007 (54) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 4,364,408 A 12/1982 Griswold 4,562,552 A 12/1985 Miyaoka (75) Inventors: Uri Ephrat, Givat Ela (IL); Abraham 5,460,196 A * 10/1995 Yonnet . . 137/12 Gleichman, MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) 5,660,198 A * 8/1997 McClaran . . . . 137/12 6,112,137 A * 8/2000 McCarty et al. . . 700/301 (73) Assignee: Optimus Water Technologies Ltd., MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 355 days. (21) Appl. No.: 10/498,834 (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 19, 2002 (86) PCT No.: PCT/IL02/01023 371 (O0) (2), (4) Date: Jun. 14, 2004 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/057998 PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 17, 2003 (65) Prior Publication Data US 2005/0016593 A1 Jan. 27, 2005 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Jan. 8, 2002 (IL) . . 147506 (51) Int. Cl. G05D 16/20 (2006.01) (52) US. Cl. . . 137/14; 137/487.5; 137/488; 251/29; 251/30.01 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search . . 137/ 14, 137/12, 487.5, 488; 251/29, 30.01 See application ?le for complete search history. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,200,911 A * 4/1980 Matsumoto . . 700/28 24 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP 1 126 089 A2 8/2001 JP 11256624 A * 9/1999 JP 2001280597 A * 10/2001 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Christine Chan, Development of an Intelligent Control System for a Municipal Water Distribution Network, 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. * cited by examiner Primary ExamineriRamesh Krishnamurthy (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irmiThe Nath LaW Group; Jerald L. Meyer; Derek Richmond (57) ABSTRACT A Water supply system comprising a supply line and a network of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure and a pressure control system comprising a diiferential control valve (DCV). A pickup unit is provided for measuring a How parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller generating in turn a control signal responsive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the How rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. 21 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 1 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 cor _.0_u_ 8 OJ Nml/ AHA 2: n L / / I1 mm mm NM vm $3 $0 Y. 2 “a 8 Fa Ham mama _ , u m a n ” 8 / ., . , _ “ .q t L 1 A8 A3 a U ml _ _ n _ 8 W 5 om U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 2 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 N E g a mm mm S bl AM Goa _l _ a wm 8) w2/ Nm/ om mm mm L8 om CI .MN 2 B 0 00 1. 1 m 7, S U 4 5 1 4 1. U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 3 0f 9 132 164 134 170 FIG. 3A US 7,201,180 B2 /9O 0 154 132 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 4 0f 9 134 164 172 169 170 4 7 4| 178 176 FIG. 3B U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 6 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 200 190 204 196 198 194 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 7 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 8 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 .GE www EN p U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 9 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 386 2. 380 378 337 335 333 341 321 339 FIG. 7 331 374 327 US 7,201,180 B2 1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally in the ?eld of Water How and pressure control. More particularly the invention is concerned With a control system for a netWork of Water supply. The invention is also concerned With a device used With the system and With a Water control method. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A Water supply system, eg a municipal Water system, typically comprises a main supply line fed from a source of Water (Water reservoir, Well, lake, etc.) and pumping means for propelling the Water through a netWork of pipes so it can reach various consumers doWnstream. Typically, there are also provided various pressure regu lating and control means along the pipes netWork in order to monitor the Water How and to reduce pressure of Water to such a level that Will, on the one hand, ensure proper functioning of various systems Which are pressure activated, e.g. irrigation systems valving means, etc. and, on the other hand, Will not damage any end equipment of the consumers by excessive pressure, e.g. burst of pipes, damage of solar heaters, and other domestic equipment connected to the Water netWork (dishwashers, Washing machines, etc.). Excessive pressure may also be harmful for industrial facili ties receiving Water from the netWork. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims the term “pipe netWor ” refers to the piping and installations extending from the Water source to the consumers. The consumers of a Water supply system may be for example domestic consumers, industrial facilities, public and municipal facilities, agricultural consumers, etc., all of Which being referred to herein in the speci?cation and claims collectively as a “network of consumers”. Among the netWork of consumers there is at least one consumer at a location Where the measured pressure is loWer than the pressure measured at the other consumer sites. Such a consumer may be for example a remote one Whereby pressure loss occurs oWing to How through a long and branching pipeline (friction and head loss), or a consumer at an elevated location (high building or on a mountain) etc. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims, the one or more consumer at Which loWest pressure is measured is referred to as a “monitored consumer” (also knoWn as a “critical consumer”). Water consumption in a municipal Water supply system varies throughout the day. Increased consumption is typi cally measured at the morning hours (betWeen about 6 and 9 am.) and again in the evening hours (betWeen about 7 and 9 pm.) HoWever, these peaks are subject to changes, eg at Weekends, upon setting of DST, season changes, major events such as an important sports match, etc. It is the concern of the Water supplying authority, for example a municipality or a Water supplying company, that the monitored consumer receives Water at a minimal pres sure, say for example, about 21/2 atmospheres so as to ensure proper functioning of various pressure activated equipment and to enjoy reasonable pressure at a domestic Water facili ties, e.g. taps, shoWers, etc. Increasing the pressure at the monitored consumer Will necessarily entail a much more signi?cant pressure increase at consumers upstream, even as much as harmful over pressure. For one thing, over pressure demands more poWerful pumping units and is more costly. Second, it requires a pipe 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 netWork that can Withstand such overpressure. Then there is a problem of over pressure Which can cause damage to the consumers as already mentioned above. Even more so, non-signi?cant leaks in the pipe netWork, e.g. minor holes or poor connections of piping elements, become proportionally signi?cant upon pressure increase and may be the reason for some signi?cant loss of fresh Water Which goes astray. Reports shoW that rates of loss of fresh Water by leaks reach as much as about 15 to 40% of a suppliers ?oW delivery. A variety of Water pressure and control systems are knoWn. A basic arrangement comprises a pressure reducing valve (PRV) Which functions to reduce pressure betWeen an inlet and an outlet thereof, regardless of How changes through the device or change of pressure upstream. Several such PRVs are typically ?tted along a pipe netWork, eg at branchings to suburbs, adjacent major consuming facilities, buildings, etc. A typical PRV comprises an inlet port being in How communication With an outlet port via a How passage governed by a pressure control chamber. When the pressure control chamber is pressuriZed, the How passage is restricted to thereby restrict ?oW betWeen the inlet and the outlet port so as to obtain essentially constant outlet pressure. Pressure Within the control chamber is governed by various ?oW control means Which eventually serve for the purpose of controlling the Water ?oW rate through the control chamber. In accordance With one prior art embodiment there is provided a so-called hydraulic valve, Wherein the pressure chamber is charged by a restriction ori?ce having a constant inlet flow rate Ql connected upstream of the PRV and is discharged by a pilot valve having a set nominal outlet ?oW Q2 connected doWnstream of said PRV. When O1 is greater than Q2 the pressure Within the pressurized control chamber increases to thereby restrict (or close) the How passage betWeen the inlet port and the outlet port of the PRV to thereby restrict the outlet ?oW Q01” of the PRV, entailing a corresponding drop in out let pressure Pout of the PRV. In accordance With a different arrangement, rather than the restriction ori?ce and the pilot valve, there are provided solenoids (optionally proportional solenoids) connected to electric controllers, Whereby Water inlet ?oW Q1 and outlet ?oW Q2 are controlled to thereby govern pressure Within the control chamber. In accordance With still a different embodiment a bias chamber is ?tted onto a plunger of the pilot valve for hydraulically activating an internal diaphragm of the pilot valve. Said bias chamber is connected to an upstream Water supply Whereby a plunger of the pilot valve is displaceable to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. Still another control system is concerned With ?tting a bias chamber onto an adjusting member of a pilot valve supply Whereby the adjusting member of the pilot valve is displaceable so as to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. In accordance With an embodiment of the above solution, there is provided a bias chamber integrally ?tted With the pilot valve. Nevertheless, control solenoids are still required for restricting the inlet ?oW Q1 and the outlet ?oW Q2. Each of the above control systems have at least one of several de?ciencies and draWbacks as folloWs: i. Malfunctioning of one or both the solenoids renders the PRV inactive. This may result in one of tWo undesired extreme positions, the ?rst being complete cut-off of the Water supply and the second being providing the consumers With a pressure Which is equal to high US 7,201,180 B2 3 pressure upstream (as the PRV does not ful?l its function) whereby the Water supplier is exposed to malfunctioning liability oWing to damages caused to consumers. ii. Every recognizable pressure or ?oW change entails activation of the solenoids Whereby an associated poWer source is rapidly exhausted; iii. Increased openings/closing of the solenoids and valve components may render the system vulnerable to mal function. iv. Usage of solenoids requires ?ltration of the Water at a high level (typically as much as microns). Thus increased maintenance is expected. v. An important factor is the option to install the control system in retro?t. In most cases individual ?ttings and installations are required Which render the installation not cost effective. vi. At loW ?oW rates the system enters a so called hunting state Where the system is unsuccessful in reaching a steady state. vii. The bias chamber is a sensitive element requiring ?ne adjustments and being susceptible to dirt. viii. The systems does not offer any bypassing arrange ments, Whereby malfunctioning of such a system may result in that the consumer Will receive excessively high pressure, Which may cause damage. It is thus an objection of the present invention to provide a Water supply control system capable of providing essen tially desired pressure at the monitored consumer regardless changes in consumption, i.e. ?oW rate through the system. A Water supply system in accordance With the invention pro vides for essentially constant pressure measured at the monitored consumer regardless of its location and head loss in the piping netWork and also regardless of sudden changes in consumption or periodic such changes. In accordance With another aspect of the present invention there is provided a differential control valve useful in obtaining a constant ?oW rate in spite of pressure changes in the line by eliminating such pressure alterations. Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling pressure at a Water supply system so as to provide desired pressure at a monitored consumer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention calls for a Water supply system comprising a netWork of consumers and a pressure regulat ing system Which in spite of alternating ?oW rate through the system maintains the pressure at the monitored consumer at a desired pressure level. In accordance With one aspect of the invention there is provided a Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a moni tored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a differential control valve (DCV); a pickup unit for measur ing a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller; said controller generating a control signal respon sive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. In accordance With one embodiment, the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured adjacent the PRV and converted into 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the moni tored consumer, based on conversion calculations. And in accordance With another embodiment the ?oW parameter is pressure measured at the monitored consumer. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, there is typically provided a pressure pickup for reading pressure at an outlet line of the DCV to generate a local pressure signal, Whereby said local pressure signal and the pressure signal are com pared at the controller. In accordance With still another embodiment, the Water supply system further comprises a bypass gate for overriding the DCV in case malfunction of the DCV and/or of the controller is detected (including any control parameters eg softWare problems, control signal errors etc.). In accordance With a different aspect of the present invention, there is provided a differential control valve useful in a pressure control system in accordance With the present invention. The differential control valve comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet, a dynamic inlet and a valve outlet; a control chamber sealingly partitioned by a ?exible diaphragm dividing the chamber into an a ?rst chamber communicating With the static inlet, and a second chamber communicating With the valve outlet and With a controlled ?oW passage serving to effect communication betWeen said second chamber and said dynamic inlet; a spring loaded obturating member articulated With the diaphragm and being axially displaceable Within the con trolled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure dis placement of the ?exible diaphragm; and a controlled actuator for axially displacing the obtu rating member thereby to govern ?oW through the controlled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure over the ?exible diaphragm and an opposing force imparted by the actuator and the spring. In accordance With one particular embodiment of the differential control valve the obturating member is a needle type sealing member ?tted for sealing engagement With a corresponding sealing seat of the ?oW passage; said sealing member and sealing seat being essentially equally tapered and Where cross-sectional ?oW area betWeen the sealing seat and the sealing member is proportional With respect to axial displacement of the sealing member. The invention is further concerned With a method for controlling pressure at Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure; a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) ?tted With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure, a pressure control system compris ing a differential control valve (DCV) connected in series to said pilot valve, a ?oW parameter pickup unit and a con troller; the method comprising the folloWing steps: (i) measuring a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to the controller; (ii) generating a control signal by the controller, said control signal being responsive to the pressure signal; (iii) activating an actuator of the DCV by the control signal, thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV so as to control ?oW rate through the pilot valve and to obtain desired pressure at the monitored con sumer, regardless of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, the method com prises the additional steps of: US 7,201,180 B2 5 (iv) measuring the ?oW rate adjacent the PRV and trans mitting a ?oW rate signal to the controller; (V) converting the ?oW rate signal into a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the monitored con sumer, based on conversion calculations; (vi) measuring the local pressure at an outlet line of the DCV and generating a corresponding local pressure signal; (vii) comparing the local pressure signal and the pressure signal and generating a corresponding control signal (viii) returning to step (iii). It is advantageous that the Water supply system be ?tted With a bypass gate overriding the DCV such that at the event of malfunction of the system, the bypass opens to thereby provide outlet pressure Pomat an outlet of the PRV corre sponding With the nominal output pressure set at the pilot valve. The invention is also concerned With a Water supply system Which is capable of handling also signi?cantly loW ?oW rates thus avoiding so-called “hunting”, namely a situation at Which a typical Water supply system cannot stabiliZe its pressure parameters at loW ?oW rates. Accordingly, there is provided a Water supply system comprising a line connected to at least one consumer, a pressure regulation system comprising a high ?oW rate path and a parallely installed bypassing loW ?oW rate path; said high ?oW rate path comprising a high ?oW pressure regu lating valve (HFPRV) having a high nominal ?oW output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a ?rst nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a controller, a differential control valve (DCV), a pickup unit for measuring ?oW rate through the system; said loW ?oW rate path comprising a loW ?oW pressure reducing valve (LFPRV) having a loW ?oW nominal output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a second nominal output pres sure; Wherein said pickup unit emits a ?oW parameter signal to the controller Which generates a responsive control signal to activate an actuator of the DCV to thereby govern the ?oW rate through the DCV; Whereby When the ?oW parameter signal declines beloW a preset value, said DCV closes entailing in closing of the HFPRV and simulations opening of the LFPRV; and When the ?oW parameter exceeds said preset value the LFPRV closes and the HFPRV opens. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured before or after the HFPRV, but before or after the branching of the loW ?oW control circuit, respectively, the DCV comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet and a dynamic inlet both being in ?oW communication With an outlet of the pilot valve preset to a high
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