三菱变频器对异步电动机调速控制-三相异步电动机调速控制系统设计
三菱变频器对异步电动机调速控制-三相异步电动机调速控制系统设计,三菱,变频器,对于,异步电动机,调速,控制,节制,三相,控制系统,设计
编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)相关资料题目:三菱变频器对异步电动机调速控制 三相异步电动机调速控制系统设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号: 0923135学生姓名: 周 磊 指导教师: 宋广雷(职称:副教授 ) (职称: )2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计(论文)开题报告二、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文(论文)计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目:三菱变频器对异步电动机调速控制 三相异步电动机调速控制系统设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号: 0923135 学生姓名: 周 磊 指导教师: 宋广雷 (职称:副教授 ) (职称: )2012年11月25日课题来源自拟题目科学依据(包括课题的科学意义;国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势;应用前景等)(1)课题科学意义电动机作为把电能转换为机械能的主要设备,在实际应用中,一是要使电动机具有较高的机电能量转换效率;二是根据生产机械的工艺要求控制和调节电动机的旋转速度。电动机的调速性能的好坏对提高产品质量,提高劳动生产率和节省电能有着直接的决定性影响。众所周知,直流电动机的转速容易控制和调节,采用转速电流双闭环直流调速系统可获得优良的静动态调速特性。因此长期以来,在变速传动领域中,直流调速一直占据主导地位。但是,由于直流电动机的机械式换向器和电刷存在着诸多弱点,因此有时直流调速也受到限制。然而,采用无换向器的交流电动机组成的交流调速系统代替直流调速系统可以突破这些限制,满足生产发展对调速、传动的各种不同的要求。交流电机调速技术的发展,特别是变频器传动本身固有的优势,必将使之应用于社会生产的各个领域,以体现出不同的功能,达到不同的目的,收到相应的效益。因此,本论文通过对变频器的研究,对于交流变频调速系统理论的应用,有着实际的意义和一定的应用价值。(2)三相异步电动机变频调速系统的研究现状及其发展前景随着变频技术的不断的发展,通用变频器以其优异的控制性能现已在调速领域、工业领域及家电产品中得到迅速推广。此外,变频技术和变频器制造己经从传统的拖动技术中分离出来,现已成为各国在工业自动化和机电一体化领域中争强占先的阵地,而发达国家更是在该技术领域投入了极大的人力、物力、财力,逐步向高新技术行业发展。(1)网络智能化智能化的变频器可以进行故障自诊断、遥控诊断以及部件自动置换,从而保证变频器的长寿命。利用互联网可以实现多台变频器联动等综合管理控制系统。(2)专业化和一体化变频器的制造专业化,可以使变频器在某一领域的性能更强,如风机、水泵、电梯、起重机械和张力控制专用变频器等。此外变频器与电动机一体化的发展趋势,使变频器成为电动机的一部分,逐渐向体积小、易控制的方向发展。(3)适应新能源以太阳能和风力为能源的燃料电池以其低廉的性能已得到广泛的应用。这些发电设备的最大特点是容量小而分散,将来的变频器就要适应这样的新能源,既要高效,又要低耗。随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和现代控制技术的快速发展,变频调速传动技术也随之取得了日新月异的进。主要表现在交流调速装置的大容量化、变频器的高性能化和多功能化、结构的小型化等方面。研究内容 熟练地掌握电动机的原理和控制的方法 熟练掌握三菱变频器的安装及其原理 熟练掌握三菱变频器对异步电动机的调速 掌握电动机与变频器之间的连接和注意事项 能够熟练掌握CAD对电路图等等的绘制 拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法:通过参阅借来的参考资料,并对三相异步电动机和三菱变频器进行实体的观察,认真的研究,了解他们的基本内容,与指导老师一起合作完成毕业设计。技术线路:提出任务分析对系统的需求确定任务要求,完成任务书。方案的设计阶段对三相异步电动机进行分析和提问,并提出一些解决的方案。组合几种方案进行整理。选定最好的方案进行实操,并对一系列的数据进行整理。合理的试用一些参考文献和说明书。技术可行性:作为研究内容所需要的软件CAD,研究计划及预期成果研究计划:2012年11月12日-2013年1月20日:按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料,填写业设计开题报告书。 , 2013年2月11日-2013年2月235日:找一篇相关的外文期刊并翻译。构建框架,完成第一章绪论。2013年3月4日-2013年3月8日:完成总的结构方案设计。2013年3月11日-2013年4月20日:开始着手设计系统。2013年4月22日-2013年5月3日:着手写说明书初稿,修改,完成初稿。2013年4月22日-2013年5月10日:修改说明书并打印,整理资料主被答辩。预期成果:对三相异步电动机的变频调速有了逐步的了解,并且可以很好地完成系统的设计。特色或创新之处主题明确,有针对性,稳定,易操作,通用性强。 使用简易,功能完善。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 技术条件:整体的构架基本明确,有很好的参考资料。尚未解决的问题:技术还不够成熟。指导教师意见 指导教师签名:年 月 日教研室(学科组、研究所)意见 教研室主任签名: 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名: 年 月 日英文原文1 Frequency Variation Speed Control1.1 The Popularity and Prospect of Frequency Variation Speed ControlThe electrical machinery exchange frequency conversion velocity modulation technology is the electricity saving, the improvement technical process improves the product quality and the improvement environment, the impetus technology advancement one main method now The frequency conversion velocity modulation by its outstanding velocity modulation and the braking quality, the high efficiency, the high power factor and the electricity saving effect, the widespread applicable scope and other many merits by the domestic grandfather was thought most has the development future velocity modulation way. The electrical transmission control system usually by the electric motor, the control device and the information installs 3 parts to be composed, the electrical transmission relates uses the electric motor by to save the electrical energy and to control the machinery reasonably the operating condition, the realization electrical energy - mechanical energy transformation, achieves, the high production, the low consumption goal high quality. The electrical transmission divides into does not modulate velocity and modulates velocity two big kinds, the velocity modulation is divided the exchange to modulate velocity and to direct current modulates velocity two ways. The variable speed motor directly does not supply power by the electrical network But the machinery which does not modulate velocity along with electric power electronic technology development this kind of original manuscript more and more many changes to the velocity modulation transmission by to save the electrical energy The improvement product quality, enhances the output Therefore the velocity modulation transmission is an important profession, already obtained the country to take, at present had certain scale.In recent years exchanged in the velocity modulation most to be active, to develop quickest is the frequency conversion velocity modulation technology, the frequency conversion velocity modulation is exchanges the velocity modulation foundation and the branch content. The last century transformer appearance causes the change voltage to become very much easy, thus has accomplished a huge electric power profession. Since long ago, the alternating current frequency always is fixed, the frequency conversion velocity modulation technology appearance causes the frequency to become may the full use resources.In this recent 10 years, the frequency conversion technology application has the very big development in our country, and obtained the good effect to be possible to say, the frequency conversion technology has accepted for the majority users, but had no alternative but to point out, our country in frequency conversion technology application aspect, with developed country level Shang You very big disparity. At present, the AC motors we are using now use frequency variation speed control only about 6%, but the developed country is 60%70%, Japan on air blower, water pump frequency conversion velocity modulation use rate is 10%, but our country is less than 0.01%, In Japan air-conditioner using frequency variation technique rate is 70%, but our countrys only then just started Embarks from this reality, frequency conversion technology remain have the very big development space, we should complete the promoted application work doggedly.And with the constant development of control technique and control avenue, frequency variation speed controlled has developed the vector controlled frequency variation velocity modulation, by controlling the AC motor inside act for shunt DC motor field copers flux, to enhance the permanent torque output scope and static and dynamic character, make the AC motor frequency variation speed controlled system superior to DC motor voltage variation speed controlled system. For simplifying the control system, reducing the fault rate, there has developed a vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor which based on the vector controlled frequency variation speed control. In some application which have low require , vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor could completely compare with the vector controlled frequency variation speed control that have speed sensor. The vector control has the epoch-making significance to the AC current motor velocity modulation.Frequency variation speed control is the best way in the motor speed modulation, it is the perfect gear in the companys technical reform and product renewal, it is the essential composition in the industrial automatic system, it is the assumption of realizing the automatic of product proceed and management, it is also the precondition in the development of informationization. In our countrys traditional estate, using the DC motor speed control actuation account about 85%90% in the speed controlled system, but the AC speed controlled system account about 10%15%. Low efficiency, bad quality, large cost, high fault rate have already been the bottleneck that restrain the development of the company. So, we must promote the advanced AC frequency variation speed control technique positively, arms the traditional industry with the advanced equipment, promote a further development in the automation, the industrialization and the informationization.1.2 Our Countrys Development Condition in Speed Controlled TechniqueOur country is a developing country, so many products research ability has behind the developed countries. From now on, the product of frequency variation speed controlled that ourselves made only act for last century 90s in the international. With the reform and opening, rapid development of economic, forms a large market, it opens to the country companies, also the foreign companies. Many products are exported from the developed countries, and runs well in our country, satisfied our need in fabrication and living. Many co-partership companies in our country make the international advanced products. The domestic complete department independently is designing the manufacture in the complete set installment to use the foreign import company and the joint venture supposes advanced each, own develop the application software, can provide the first-class electrical transmission control system for the domestic and foreign important engineering project. Although obtains very many result, but should see because domestic develops, the production product ability voluntarily is weak, is serious to the overseas companys dependence.As early as in the country 85 technical attack plan, the alternating velocity modulation technique was listed as the key technical attack project, but because our countrys electric power and electronic device aggregate level is very low, although the production of IGBT、GTO component has introduced the overseas technique, it has not formed the economies of scale benefit, almost does not have the independent development ability of new frequency converter production, this has affected the domestic frequency conversion velocity modulation technique development in the certain degree. In the high efficiency AC-AC frequency convert technique、the motors without commutator technique and so on, the domestic product also has the suitable disparity in the digitization and the system reliable aspect compares with the overseas level, in the medium efficiency frequency convert technique, nearly all productions use ordinary V/F control inland, few adopt the vector control technique, and can not satisfied the market requirement in the variety and quality. But in overseas, the frequency conversion technique obtains the full development, and has obtained the remarkable achievement in each aspect. In power component aspect, high voltage、the appearance of SCR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT with high current capacity and the using in series and parallel, the high-pressured and high efficiency frequency converter production obtains the production and the promoted application. In microelectronic technique aspect, 16bit and 32bit high speed microprocessors as well as the fast development of DSP and ASIC technique, provided the hardware method in realizing the frequency converter which with high accuracy multi-purpose. In theory aspect, the vector control, the magnetic flux control, the torque control, the intelligent control, the new control theory and so on have provided the related rationale for the high performance frequency converter development, we may see that, in the overall, the alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique in our country has big disparity compares with international level.Therefore, the AC frequency variation speed control technique has the following sides:1) The basic research of control strategy in frequency converter has a large gap compares with the foreign level.2) The technical level of the whole machine is low in the frequency converter, although we had input certainly people, material resources, but because of the disperse power, did not form a certainly technique and production scale.3) All the semiconductor power device product in the frequency converter is blank.4) Correlative Industries and relative Industries drop behind.5) Few production and sale, low reliable and technological standards.With the development and improvement in the power electronic technique, power divert based on power electronic circuit technique and various control technique, the AC frequency variation speed controlled technique is mature day by day, and sure to be the main way in the future. With the constant development of power electronic technique, reliable character, well adoption, cheap price that the frequency converter have will become true. This technique will gain widely, popularity application .At present, foreign developed countries frequency convert technique towards to the miniaturization, high reliability, defend with harm, more function, high character, and our country is coming on now.1.3 Frequency Variation Speed Controlled ModeThe alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique obtained the rapid development in 20th century. This is related with some crucial technical which gain unprecedented progress, they are Motor vector control technique, Direct torque control technique, PWM technique, Entire numerical control technique and self-setting technique which based on microcomputer and large scale integrated circuit, and so on.1) Vector Control TechniqueVector transformation control technique is a one kind of new control thought and control theory which posed by SIEMENS CO. in 1971. It is realizing the stator current excitation component and the torque component solution lotus root by rotor magnetic field direction detection, and vector transformation, achieved the goal that separately control the motor flux linkage and the electric current, as a result, obtain finely static, dynamic performance. Until now, the vector control technique has obtained the considerable development, and also obtained the widespread application.2) Vector Control Without Velocity Generator TechniqueVector control without velocity generator technique abolish the problems that the environment compatibility、install and maintenance bring on, reduce the cost, enhance the system reliability, at the same time, union vector control, has the fine performance of vector control. The speed estimate method in vector control technique without velocity generator, besides basis mathematical model computation electric motor rotational speed, at present the more applied are the model to refer auto-adapted method and expands the Kalman filtering law. In addition, entire Uygur rotor magnetic flux sight, tooth overtone electric potential, such as this theory and so on, also appearance in the vector control without velocity generator technique. Since 1983 proposed the vector control without velocity generator technique control strategy, receives the academic circles and the industrial field continuously highly focused all the time. Hitachi company and Sichuan electrical machinery and so on had published the research results separately in 1987, and had promoted the product one after another. At present, vector control without velocity generator technique in frequency converter controlling in the velocity modulation scope is about 1:50, some individual merchant has 1:75 or even higher product.3) Direct Torque Control TechniqueIn1985, Germanys M. Depen-block proposes the direct torque control technique(DTC) for the first time,The direct torque control technique analyzes the motor mathematical model directly under the stator coordinate system. Uses the stator magnetic field direction detection but not to need the solution lotus root electric current,directly control the electric motor flux linkage and torque, enable the torque to obtain the fast response, in order to obtain the highly effective control performance.Direct torque control technique is another kind of new、high performance alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique after vector control technique in the nearly 10 years, this kind of control technique is insensitive to the electrical machinery parameter, not influence by the rotor parameter, easy and feasible, it has the broad development and the application prospect.4) PWM (pulse width modulation) Control TechniqueIn1964, Germanys A. Schonung and some people took the lead to propose the pulse-duration modulation (PWM -pulse width modulation) frequency conversion thought, opened the recent development domain for the modern alternating velocity modulation system. The PWM control technique controls the inversion output alternating fundamental wave voltage peak-to-peak value by changing the rectangle pulse width, controls its output frequency through changing the modulation cycle, in order to carry on the output voltage peak-to-peak value and the frequency control on the inversion at the same time. The PWM technique simplified the inversion structure, can distinctly change the output wave shape of the frequency converter, reduces the overtone loss of electric motor, and reduces the torque pulsation, at the same time enhances the performance of dynamic response system. The PWM technique also may use in the rectifier controlling, can realize the input current which approaches the sine extremely. And may cause the electrical network power factor is 1. The PWM rectifier thus is called “the green converter”. At present, PWM technique has become the most widespread control technique applied in the frequency converter. The unceasingly velocity modulation performance of alternating current motor is as a result of the PWM technique unceasing progress enhancement in the very great degree. At present the widely applies is the optimizes PWM law which developing based on the regular sampling PWM foundation, that is Thrice Harmonic Superpose theory and voltage space vector PWM theory.5) Numerical Control TechniqueThe digitalize in control technique is the key technique of static frequency conversion installment, also will be the next development tendency, at present in the market frequency conversion installment nearly comprehensively has realized the numerical control. Has realized the fast operation and the high accuracy control by using the DSP and the ASIC technique, and could gain a fine current wave, reduce the noise of the frequency converter in a large scale, and the scanning time also be reduced in a large scale, at present the electric current response is 0.10.7ms, the speed response is 24 ms, could satisfy the control request sufficiently in the transmission domain. At the same time, on account of the application of the micro electron and ASIC technique, the installment primary device quantity can be reduced in a large scale, thus, could make the frequency conversion equipment volume to be reduced, the reliability obtains the large scale enhancement. The entire numerical control way can make the information-handling capacity of frequency converter enhance greatly. The complex control has been realized in nowadays which could not be realized by simulation control mode, so that, the RAS which mean Reliability, Availability, Serviceability could be realized.6) Self-setting TechniqueThe self-setting technique is widespread used in the frequency conversion velocity modulation system day by day, it may accord to the speed and the load to auto adjust the parameter of the control system, enable the system with rapid dynamic response. The self-setting technique divides into off-line and the on-line. The research results in the kind of off-line has been applied in the most production, before the system program operate, it operate a block self-setting program, recognize the correlation data,
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