2675 覆带式挡边带式输送机设计
2675 覆带式挡边带式输送机设计,覆带式挡,边带,输送,设计
宁XX 大学毕 业 设 计 (论 文 )覆带式挡边带式输送机设计所 在 学 院专 业班 级姓 名学 号指 导 老 师年 月 日毕业设计(论文)任务书专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级 姓名 下发日期题目 覆带式挡边带式输送机设计专题主要内容及要求主要内容:设计覆带式挡边带式输送机,培养学生的工程设计能力。1) 挡边带及覆盖带设计;2) 设计输送机总图和主要零件;3) 输送机传动机构及张紧机构设计;要求:1) 设计一套完整的设备,能用于实际的生产中;2) 图纸量:2.5 张 0 号图;3) 设计说明书(字数不少于 2 万字) ;4) 翻译与课题有关的外文资料,译文字数不少于 5000 字。主要技术参数输送长度 L:53m;输送高度 :36.615m ;输送倾角: 90;输送物料:石灰石VL等(容重 0.8-3.5t/m3,粒度200V 时,关闭并网控制器,即0S(4)规则四二类负载几:为混合发电系统中辅助设施所需的电能,当可再生能源输出电能有多余的能量时,才投入的负载。二类负载未工作情况下,其负载功率检测较困难,为了避免二类负载的频繁投彻 ;本文根据系统的负载配置情况,设二类负载最大功率为 ,当2mLP+ +WmPV1l把二类负载投入运行,即12LK(5)规则五42为了提高系统直流部分电压的稳定性,当吸230V 时,自动把二类负载投入运行,即bcU12L240V 时,自动切除所有的可再生能源发电装置对直流母线进行供电,即bc= = =0, 1WKPVS2LK针对系统多输入多输出、变化复杂的特点,本系统采用智能控制中的模糊控制技术(Fuzzy Control, 简称 FC)来实现对系统进行管理和控制;研究并设计了一种基于分级模糊控制(Hierarchical Fuzzy Control,简称 HFC)算法的能量管理系统。3.模糊控制模糊集合和模糊控制的概念是由美国加利福尼亚大学著名教授 L.A.Zadeh 在其Fuzzy Sets、 Fuzzy Algorithm 和 Rationale for Fuzzy Control 等著名论著中首先提出一种完全不同于传统数学与控制理论的智能理论。它的产生不仅拓广了经典数学的数学基础,而且是使计算机科学向模拟人类思维方面发展的重大突破。模糊集合将人的判断、思维过程用比较简单的语言和数学形式直接表达出来。使得复杂系统按人类的思维方式进行运作和处理成为可能,为模糊控制器的形成奠定了基础,并得到世界各国的学者和工程技术人员广泛的重视和应用。模糊控制通过模糊集合和逻辑推理方法把人的经验形式化,模型化,变成计算机可以接受的控制模型和语言,让计算机来代替人来进行有效的实时控制。模糊控制器的组成框图如图 2-3 所示:43它包括:输入量模糊化接口,知识库(数据库和规则库) ,推理机和解模糊接口。(1)模糊化接口模糊控制器的输入通常是确定的量,必须要模糊化后,变为控制器所认识的语言或变量才能被控制器使用,模糊化接口是将确定的输入量转化为模糊量,它也是模糊控制器的输入接口。(2)知识库知识库描述形式主要有两种:数据库和规则库。数据库是存放所有输入、输出变量的全部模糊子集的隶属度关系的矢量值;若论域为连续域,数据库则为相应的隶属函数。规则库是基于专家知识和有丰富经验的操作人员根据长期积累的经验,按人的直觉推理的一种语言表示形式。最常用的为 ifthen ,else, also, or 等,如 2 维模糊推理规则可表示为R:if(偏差 is a;差变化率 is b;)then(控制量 is c;)规则库就是用来存放全部模糊控制规则,在推理时为 “推理机” 提供推理的依据。(3)推理和解模糊接口推理时,控制器推理机根据输入的模糊量,经模糊控制规则来求解模糊关系方程,获取模糊控制器的模糊控制量。由推理机获得的控制量是一个模糊矢量,不能直接被用来控制被控对象,还必须转换成确定的控制量,我们把这一过程称为解模糊或模糊量的清晰化。通常把推理和输出端具有把模糊量转化为清晰值的过程称为解模糊。444.EMS 的设计本文所设计的风能一太阳能混合发电系统的结构框图如图 2-6 所示:为了提高可再生能源的利用效率,在风能和太阳能能够满足负载要求的情况下,负载所需求的能源则由风能和太阳能提供;在风能和太阳能不能满足负载要求时,在充分利用可再生能源的基础上,负载所需求的能源由风能、太阳能和电网共同提供。由系统的结构图可知,系统直流母线电压的变化直接影响系统给负载提供电能的质量和可靠性,因而稳定的直流电压是系统工作可靠性和性能的一个重要指标。取系统直流母线电压为被控量,由图 26 可得系统的数学模型:其中 直流母线电压, 风力发电装置输出电流, 太阳能发电装置输dcUwi PVi出电流, 系统输送到负载得电流, 电网输送电直流部分得电流,C直流平波Li Si电容容量。通常可再生能源发电装置的投资较大,为了充分发挥其发电的效率,缩短系统成本的回收周期,发电装置多采用最大功率输出为控制目标。设每台风力发电机和每组太阳能电池阵列都工作在的最大输出功率状态,风力发电和太阳能发电装置输出总功45率分别为 和 ,系统对其利用率分别 和 ,则(2-3)式可改写为 WmPV WKPV系统的结构图如图 2-7 所示:由图 2-7 可知,系统的输入量较多,针对风力一太阳能混合发电系统的特点,在这里我们采用分级模糊控制的策略来对系统进行控制,并设计一个四级的分级模糊控制器来实现对混合发电系统进行能量管理和控制。系统结构图如图 2-8 所示:系统的负荷是由直流电能直接提供和经逆变器输出,直流电压的稳定性成为直接影响是系统输出交流电能质量、稳定性与可靠性的关键因素。因而选择直流部分实际直流电压 和直流电压变化量 ,作为系统的第一级输入,输出为直流电压等效值dcUdcu:1y46是综合直流电压 和直流电压变化量 , 得出 未来的状态。实质上,1ydcUdcudcU它反映了系统在当前直流电压基础上,若不改变控制量,则下一个采样时刻直流侧电压的预测值即为 ,由于在下一个采用周期到来之前,系统的输出控制量,经模糊推1y理己发生改变,因而在这里定义 为系统直流部分电压的等效值。1y第二级以第一级输出的直流电压等效值 和负荷 作为该级模糊控制器的输入,1yLP输出 取为负载相对系统能量负载强度:2y是综合负荷 和负载直流电压等效值 得出的一个参变量。当 大于期望值时,2yLP1y1y系统负荷所需的能量除了由可再生能源提供外,还有一部分需由直流储能元件电容,才能降低直流侧电压,使直流侧电压 向期望值方向变化,即负荷需由可再生能源提dcU供能量被减弱;当 小于期望值时,可再生能源除了向系统负荷提供能量外,还要向1y直流储能元件电容补偿电能,来提高直流侧电压,从可再生能源角度来看,所需提供能量在负载的基础上被加强:因而在这里定义输出 为负载相对系统能量的负载强度。2y第三级以影响次大的风能输出最大功率 和负载相对系统能量强度 作为第三级4x2y模糊控制器的输入,输出 为风能的利用率 ,作为输出提供给风电机控制器,控3yWK制风电机开启的台数,其中 为47太阳能输入 和风机提供系统相对能量负荷强度不足部分 75 - 作为第5x 6x2y34x四级模糊控制器的输入,取输出为为太阳能发电的利用率 即 为:PVK4第四级控制器的输出 和第三级控制器的输出 作用到发电控制装置给负载供电。4y3y当 和 ,不能满足负荷要求,直流部分电压低于 192时,接通电网,由电网和风4y3能-太阳能混合发电系统共同提供电能;当直流部分电压高于 240时,则切断风力发电机和太阳能发电装置向系统供电,直至直流端电压低于 220时再重新投入工作。这样,通过分级结构的逐步求精,逐步逼近目标函数,从而达到理想的控制效果。5.总结本文首先简单介绍了风力太阳能混合发电系统的配置,随后针对该多输入多数出变量的分散式风力太阳能混合发电的能量管理系统,研究设计了一个基于遗传算法分级模糊控制算法,并给出了该系统采用分级模糊控制的详细设计步骤。最后,借助于仿真,将上述算法应用于风能太阳能混合发电的能量管理系统中。仿真结果表明,基于分级模糊控制器能够对分散式风力太阳能混合发电系统实施较好的管理和控制,并可取得良好的效果。这也为多种可再生能源混合发电系统的管理和控制,提供了一条有效的解决途径。48附件 2外文资料49Energy Management System of Admixture Electricity-generating1.One prefaceThe admixture that wind force and solar cells generate electricity to constitute generates electricity the system and is called the breeze/ light to repair the system with each other, all having some common weakness because of the breeze and solar energies, such as the energy density low, the stability is bad and is subjected to the weather influence not to continue, have the strong weak conjugation, solar energy of seasonal to interrupted etc. day and night. Be generate electricity by the wind force and solar energy respectively to the power supply, the credibility of its power supply lowers consumedly.The wind energy, solar energy has to repair sex with each other certainly, if the sun light of daytime is strong, the night breeze is many, the summer sunshine good, the breeze is weak; The spring stanza breeze of winter is strong but the sunlight is opposite weaker. Develop the wind force a solar energy to supply again to give or get an electric shock the system with each other, take into wind force and the solar energy techniques to synthesize the exploitation, thus constitute a kind of repair with each other of can scatter the new energy that cloth order, will is a new growth to order in this energy structure of century. Have the condition pass the storage battery of match the appropriate capacity or connect into the city to give or get an electric shock the conduct and actions back up power supply, can make circulate the expenses to lower consumedly, huge exaltation of the credibility of the power supply.Local mainly generate electricity to independent wind power, the light currently and the breeze a light supplies again the research of the electricity control system with each other more. In design the breeze a light generate electricity system, the design way of thinking of the widespread adoption according to load everyday total to consume the electricity quantity, and radiate the quantity from the day that the local weather data get to the capacity of the certain solar cell array, the wind power machine, then come certain can the renewable energy generate electricity the power and the storage battery capacities of control the devices, but at mix with the movement of generate electricity the system control and excellent turn the 50research of manage the method less.Because the exportation power and the burden powers of the breeze electrical engineering set, the solar cell array is affect by the outside factor, changing the scope to compare greatly, as a result turned the energy of generate electricity the system management to also put forward the higher request towards control and excellently. This text aims at the movement efficiency and credibilitys that the characteristics of the system movement designs one energy management system( energy management system, brief name EMS) to raise the system.2.Composing of the systemsThis text with the south science and engineering university dispersion type wind force a solar energy of the new energy center admixture generates electricity the system for study the view, the structure diagram of the system, such as 2 1 of figure 1 show:May known by the chart 2-1, the system includes following several parties:The wind power machine and its controller: Total 15KW / sets of the biggest exportation power of the breeze machine, the wind force machine generates electricity the controller to make the wind force machine been placed in the biggest power to output the appearance always.Solar cell and its electricity generation controller: The altogether 5 groups, solar cell 51each group of peaks tile 3 k W, the solar energy electricity generation controller causes the solar cell array throughout to be at the maximum work rate output condition.The data collects the system:( the data acquires the system, the brief name DAS)Used for the electric voltage, the load power that collects to examine the solar cell exportation power, the wind power machine to output the power, the system direct current part, and circulate the relevant information to the system that collect, providing the energy management system to carry on the analytical processing.The energy manages the system: collect each function of system unit movement parameter that system provide according to the data, carry out the valid management to the system and controls.Buffer electric capacity: carry out parts of electric voltages of the system direct current steady.Load and inversion: The new energy center load classification, a kind of load is a load which the energy center work and the experiment must guarantee; Two kind of loads are the electrical energies which energy center ancillary facilities and so on greenhouse control needs, when the renewable energy output electrical energy has the unnecessary energy, only then invests load. The system load and the direct component connection is, the direct current side which realizes through the inversion after PWM inversion, transforms for the voltage is constant, the profile good exchange electrical energy, provides for the load.The city gives or get an electric shock the controller: When can the electricity that renewable energy provide can satisfy a load of system need, giving or get an electric shock from the city to make the complement; namely chase the city to give or get an electric shock the conduct and actions back up power supply, pass combine the net controller to control the devotion and the excision of the city electricity.In the wind power, the solar energy and the load constitution electricity generation, uses electricity in the system, as a result of the wind speed, the sunshine intensity and other climatic conditions changes, the wind electrical machinery, the solar cell array output and the load power all has comparatively wide range the undulation, thus set the very high request to the energy management system management system.This article in view of is being constructed a South China technical University new 52energy center disperser -like wind power solar energy mix generating system, has designed an energy management system management system, according to the system electricity generation, the load uses electricity the condition, the management system management system power supply pattern, nimbly adjusts each part to supply the electric quantity the proportion. The energy management system management system is bigger than the load demand when the renewable energy, shuts off the partial solar energies, the wind electrical machinery; When the renewable energy cannot satisfy the basic load request, in fully uses the renewable energy under the premise, is insufficient partially carries on the suitable supplement by the city electricity, takes the system the biggest load is 750 kW.In the power supply system, the system electricity generation and the load active power balance, is the system safe stable movement essential condition. Because the system load is provides by the Divulgate after the inversion, the DC voltage stable direct influence system provides the electrical energy to the load the quality, takes the system direct current voltage in here to control for the system the quantity, and takes its operating region dcUis 192 V - 240V, chooses 216 V for the direct component rated voltage. In order to does not make the system the structure too to be complex, processing did not consider in here to the accumulator cell. Namely energy management system management system structure drawing like chart 2 2 show:, , , and difference for female line electric voltage, exportable and dcUWmPV1L2LPbiggest power in the wind force machine, exportable and biggest power, system in the solar cell array of the direct current of the system a the type load the power and two loads needed 53need of power;and output to make use of the coefficient and the solar cell arrays to output the WKPVutilization for the wind force machine of the system with respectively, namely count to amount it with the wind force machine for the set that the wind force machine be in use than, for the number and the solar energy array set total amount that the solar energy array be in use than. Take 、 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1 , and mean the number that the WKPVWKPVset number and the solar cell arrays that the wind force machine be in use be in use respectively;和 give or get an electric shock the switch control to change the quantity for the S2Lcity respectively and two the types load of provide the rate, this text define 、 for the SK2Lswitch function, take the value 0 or 1; When mean that the charged barbed wire SKnet connects into the admixture to generate electricity the system, 0 mean that the Scharged barbed wire net generates electricity the system from the admixture to cut off; mean that two loads connect into the admixture to generate electricity the system 2LKdevotion work, = 0 mean that two loads generate electricity the system excision from the 2Ladmixture.Aim at the characteristics of the system movement, draw up the following design rule:(1)Rule aA power of the breeze electrical engineering capacity that constitutes to mix with to generate electricity the system is more and greatly, as a result the choice regard a power supply of the breeze electrical engineering as principle, the solar cell array is the energy tiny adjust the part.(2)Rule twoAccording to the system work characteristic, takes the direct current side terminal voltage expected value is 216 V, when the renewable energy may output the maximum dcUwork rate is bigger than the load request, the renewable energy to the electrical network does not transport the electrical energy.54(3)Rule threeTakes when here the direct current generator voltage is lower than 192 V, through incorporates the controller to put through the electrical network, by the city electricity supplemented the load needs the short partial electrical energies, and the incorporation controller which the chapter introduced by this article behind causes the direct current generator voltage to maintain 192 V, namely SKWhen attracts 200 V, closure incorporation controller, then= 0S(4)Rule fourTwo loads are several: Generate electricity the system for the admixture in the electric power that the assistance facilities need, when can the renewable energy exportation electric power contain surplus of energy, the load that just throw in.In two kind of loads working condition, its load power examination has not been more difficult, in order to avoid two kind of loads frequently throwing ; This article according to the system the load disposition situation, supposes two kind of loads maximum works reties , 2mLPwhen+ +WmPV1l2mLPCirculate two load devotions, namely12LK(5)Rule fiveIn order to enhance the system direct component voltage the stability, when attracts 230 V, automatically two kind of loads investments movement, namelybcU12LWhen 240 V, the automatic excision all renewable energy electric power facility bc55carries on the power supply to the direct current generator, namely= = =0, 1WKPVS2LKInputs the multi- outputs, the change complex characteristic in view of the system, this system uses in the intelligent control the fuzzy control technology (Fuzzy Control, is called FC) to realize to the system carries on the management and the control; Studied and has designed one kind based on the graduation fuzzy control (Hierarchical Fuzzy Control, was called HFC) the algorithm energy management system management system.3.Misty controlsThe fuzzy set with the fuzzy control concept is by American University of California famous Professor L. A. Z a d e h in it Fuzzy Sets,Fuzzy Algorithm and Rationale for Fuzzy Control and so on famously discusses center first was proposing one kind is completely different with the traditional mathematics and the control theory intelligent theory. Its production not only developed the broad classical mathematics foundation, moreover was causes the computer science to simulate the significant breakthrough which the human thought aspect developed.The faintness gather to come out the persons judgment, the thinking process with the direct expression of more simple language and mathematics forms. The mode of thinking that makes complicated system press mankind carry on operation and processings make possible, lay the foundation for the formation of the misty controller, and get the scholar of the international community and the engineering technical personnels extensive value and applications.The fuzzy control through the fuzzy set with the logical inference method persons experience formalization, the simulation, turns the control model and the language which the computer may accept, lets the computer replace the person to carry on the effective real-time control. Fuzzy controller composition diagram like chart 2 - 3 show56It include: The importation quantity faintness turns to connect, knowledge base( database and the rule database), reason logically the machine to reach agreement the faintness to connect.(1)The faintness turns to connectThe importation of the misty controller is usually certain quantity, must after faintness turn change into the language that controller know or change the quantity then can be use by the controller, the faintness turns to connect is to convert the certain importation quantity as the faintness to measure, it is also the importation of the misty controller to connect.(2)Knowledge baseThe knowledge base description form mainly has two kinds of: Database and rule database.Database is deposits all importations and output to change to measure of all misty son gather of belong to one degree relation of vector value; If in order to continue the area, the theory area database then for belong to the function correspond.The regular storehouse is the operator which and has the rich experience based on the expert knowledge acts according to the long-term accumulation the experience, according to persons intuition inference one language expression form. Most commonly used is if -then, else, also, or and so on, like 2 Uyghur fuzzy inference rule maybe represented asR: If (deviation is a; Bad rate of change is b;) Then (control measures is c;)The rule database is to is use to deposit all misty control rules, while reason logically provide the inferential basis for reason logically the machine.(3)Reason logically to reach agreement the faintness to connect57While reason logically, the controller reasons logically the machine according to the misty quantity that input, controlling the rule through the faintness to solve the faintness to relate to the square distance, obtaining the misty control quantity of the misty controller.From reason logically the amount of control that machine acquire and is a misty vector, cant be use directly to control to be control object, must still convert the certain control measure, we be called this process to solve the faintness or faintnesses to measure clear to turn. Usually reason logically and the exportation carries to have to convert the misty quantity as clear value of process be called the solution faintness.4.Designs of the EMS This article designs the wind can a solar energy mix generating system structure diagram like chart 2 - 6 showFor the sake of the exaltation can the exploitation efficiency of the renewable energy, under the condition that wind energy and solar energies can satisfy to load the request, the load then is provide by the wind energy and solar energy the demanding energy; At the wind energy and solar energies cant satisfy the load request, at making use of well can the foundation of the renewable energy up, the load is provided together by the wind energy, solar energy and charged barbed wire nets the demanding energy.58May know by the system structure drawing, the system direct current generator voltage change direct influence system provides the electrical energy to the load the quality and the reliability, thus the stable DC voltage is the system operational reliability and a performance important target. Takes the system direct current generator voltage for to control the quantity, 2 - 6 may result in the system by chart 2 the mathematical model:Am
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