高级英语第四课EverydayUs.ppt

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1、Lesson 4 Everyday Use,2,About Alice Walker and her works,Alice Walker (1944- ), poet, novelist and essayist. one of the most prominent writers in American literature and a most forceful representative of womens literature and black literature.,3,About Alice Walker,She was born into a poor rural fami

2、ly in Georgia, as the eighth child of sharecropper 交租耕种农parents. She grew up in the midst of violent racism and poverty which influence her later writings. When she went to Sarah Lawrence College in New York on scholarships in the early 60s, the civil rights movement was in full swing. She was activ

3、ely involved in the movement. She graduated in 1965, having the BA.,4,About Alice Walker,After her junior year at the college, she won a scholarship as an exchange student to Uganda, and Kenya. This most probably helped her to understand the African culture. After experiencing the political movement

4、 she became a teacher of creative writing and black literature, lecturing at Jackson State College, Yale and university of California at Berkeley.,5,About Alice Walker,Her works: The Third Life of Grange Copeland (1970); Meridian (1976); In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women (1973); The Temple

5、 of My Familiar (1989); The Color Purple (1982),6,About Alice Walker,A theme throughout Walkers work is the preservation of black culture or “heritage”, and her women characters forge important links to maintain continuity in both personal relationships and communities. Walkers women characters disp

6、lay strength, endurance, and resourcefulness机敏 in confronting and overcoming oppression (racism and sexism) in their lives. Black women are called the mule of the world, because they have been handed the burdens that everyone else refused to carry -Alice Walker,I. Background,1. Alice Walkers Early L

7、ife Date of Birth: February 9, 1944 Birthplace: Eatonton, Georgia Parents:Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker, who were sharecroppers Marriage: Mel Leventhal, a Jewish Civil Rights activist/ lawyer Child:Rebecca born in 1969 2. Education: 1961-1963Spelman, a college for black women in Atlanta 196

8、3-1965BA from Sarah Lawrence College in New York (once traveled to Africa as an exchange student),I. Background,3. Career 1983 received the Pulitzer Prize for The Color Purple (1982) 1984 started her own publishing company, Wild Trees Press 4. Points of View the Civil Rights Movement the Womens Move

9、ment the Anti-apartheid Movement,The Color Purple,Based on Alice Walkers Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Color Purple is the richly textured不平的, decades-spanning story of Celie, an uneducated woman living in the rural American south. Forced to marry a brutal man she calls “Mr.,” Celie turns inward

10、 and shares her grief only with God. But she is transformed by the friendship of two remarkable women, acquiring self-worth. and the strength to forgive. The film launched the Hollywood careers of Whoopi Goldberg and Oprah Winfrey and gleaned 拾11 Oscar nominations including Best Picture.,II. Discour

11、se Analysis,Elements of Narrative Time: unknown Venue:Home Characters:“I”, Maggie, Dee (Wangero) Asalamalakim, Big Dee, Grandma Dee Plot:Maggie and I are ready to have Dee back The Relationship between Dee and I The Contrast between Dee and Maggie The Climax: Grandmas Quilts Theme:The Heirloom Quilt

12、s: Display VS Everyday Use,II. Discourse Analysis,Structure Para 1 2:Maggie and I Are waiting for Someone Important Para 3 16:The Relationship among Dee, Maggie and “I” “I”: a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands Dee: “No” is a word the world never learned to say to her Maggie: a hom

13、ely, weak and shy girl Para 17 82 Meeting with Dee Para 17 - 20Dee came with her new boyfriend and new name Para 21 - 43The Name: Dee Para 44 - 82The Argument on Grandmas Quilts,Setting,Everyday Use” is set in the late 60s or early 70s. This was a time when African-Americans were struggling to defin

14、e their personal identities in cultural terms. The term “Negro” had been recently removed from the vocabulary, and had been replaced with “Black.” There was “Black Power,” “Black Nationalism,” and “Black Pride.” Many blacks wanted to rediscover their African roots, and were ready to reject and deny

15、their American heritage, which was filled with stories of pain and injustice.,Setting,In “Everyday Use,” Alice Walker argues that an African-American is both African and American, and to deny the American side of ones heritage is disrespectful of ones ancestors and, consequently, harmful to ones sel

16、f. She uses the principal characters of Mama, Dee (Wangero), and Maggie to clarify this theme.,Plot,At the first, mother and Maggie are preparing of receiving Dee, the other daughter of the heroine. And from the preparation they made we can see that the relationship between Mother and Dee is alienat

17、ed疏远的; the relationship between the two sisters is unfriendly and tense. Then the author made some description about the three characters, especially about mother and Dee. Then Dee and her boyfriends come, and she changed her name, and there is some information about her boyfriend. And at last she p

18、oint out that she want the quilt that grandma left to Maggie At last Dee leaves without the quilt, and when she leave both mother and Maggie feel relieved.,Theme,In “Everyday Use” Alice Walker reveals a conflict between a mother, Mrs. Johnson, and her two daughters. The author also shows a unique he

19、ritage of African-Americans. The central theme of the story is the way in which family members of the same African American family honor their heritage.,Point of View,In this short story, the author uses the first person point of view. Here mother is the story teller, and she makes very vivid descri

20、ption of herself and her two daughters, Dee and Maggie.,Characterization,Mama is an uneducated, yet practical character. Mama loves and respects her ancestors, as is understood in her description and treatment of the quilts: They had been pieced together by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and me had hu

21、ng them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. in both of them were Grandpa Jarrells paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece. that was from Great Grandpa Ezras uniform that he wore in the Civil War The quilts are important to Mama as a direct connection between herself and t

22、hose before her.,Walker also uses the butter churn as a source for Mamas inherent understanding of heritage: I took it for a moment in my hands. you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stas

23、h had lived As White explains, When Mama takes the dasher handle in her hands, she is symbolically touching the hands of all those who used it before her. Her practical nature and appreciation for heritage distinguishes her from her two daughters, and represents the complex, historical importance of

24、 the African-American culture.,Dee,Dee is a selfish and egotistical character with a superficial understanding of her inheritance. She characterizes the confusion and misguidance of young African Americans in the late 60s and 70s. This is apparent in her interactions with her mother and sister. As S

25、exton notes, Dee “considers herself as cultured, and beyond the abased低微的 quality of the lives lived by her mother and sister). She makes her feelings clear when she attempts to take the quilts Mama had promised to Maggie: Maggie cant appreciate these quilts. shed probably be backward enough to put

26、them to everyday use.,Not only is she conforming to the worst of American ideals, but she is rejecting and disrespecting her own cultural heritage- all under the pretenses of preserving it. It is in this sense that she is the embodiment of the struggle for a unifying identity, because she has not ye

27、t come to understand her place in society as both an African and an American.,Maggie,Maggie is a simplistic and good-hearted person. She understands the true meaning of heritage. Just as her sister asserts, Maggie is backward enough to put the quilts to everyday use. But what Dee fails to recognize

28、is that in doing so Maggie is preserving the ancestral importance of the quilts- that is, utilitarian necessity.,Walker reinforces the cultural significance of Maggies character when Mama refuses to allow Dee to have her way: “I did something that I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then d

29、ragger her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangeros Dees hands and dumped them into Maggies lap” This is, as Baker and Pierce-Baker indicated, her mothers “conferral of an ancestral blessing” (164). Maggie wants to maintain a lasting connection with her heritage, and both Mama and

30、the reader recognize this. She represents those among the African-American community that seek to pass on their heritage without diminution减少 between generations.,23,Cultural Context,Black Power Movement Alice Walkers answer in Everyday Use,24,Black Power Movement The movement for Black Power in the

31、 U.S. came during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. This was a time when African-Americans were struggling to define their personal identities in cultural terms. African Americans were trying to gain racial equality and called for self-determination and racial dignity.,25,They were seeking the

32、ir cultural roots in Africa, the slogan Black is beautiful and a renewal of interest and pride in African heritage arose. Many blacks wanted to rediscover their African roots, and were ready to reject and deny their American heritage, which was filled with stories of pain and injustice.,26,Alice Wal

33、kers answer in Everyday Use - challenges the Black Power movement, and black people in general, to acknowledge and respect their American heritage. The history of Africans in America is filled with stories of pain, injustice, and humiliation. It is not as pleasing as a colorful African heritage that

34、 can be fabricated. It is a real heritage that is comprised of real people: people who are deserving of respect and admiration.,27,-shows that culture is neither name changes nor speaking a foreign tongue. Ones culture and heritage are taught, from one generation to the next, not suddenly picked up

35、or acquired. A person who possesses real heritage and culture make use of it every day of their life.,28,Text analysis (Para.3-4),These programs: National Broadcasting Company (NBC) s television show “This is Your Life,” with Ralph Edwards as producer and master of ceremonies, in which people were p

36、ublicly and tearfully reunited with friends, relatives, and teachers they had not seen in years. The program aired from 1952 to 1961 and 1970 to 1973.,29,Johnny Carson: Johnny Carson, in full John William Carson (born Oct. 23, 1925, Corning, Iowa, U.S.died Jan. 23, 2005, Los Angeles, Calif.) U.S. te

37、levision personality. He worked as a radio announcer and television comedy writer before hosting several television quiz shows (195562). As the long-standing host of The Tonight Show (196292), he was noted for his wry 幽默的monologues, comedy sketches, and genial 可亲的banter轻松的谈话, and the program became

38、a staple for a large and faithful late-night audience.,Johnny Carson,TheTonightShow has a long, successful history - and it shows no signs of cooling off. It started its run almost 50 years ago, back in 1954. SteveAllen was the first host. He was succeeded by Jack Paar in 1957, and JohnnyCarson took

39、 over the reins in 1962. Johnny was the King of Late Night for 30 years, until he retired in 1992. JayLeno has been the host since then. Over three million people have sat in the studio audience and enjoyed the show.,31,Black Muslims,Black Muslims is a widely used name for the adherents of an Americ

40、an black nationalist religious movement. The religious organization was founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1930 by Wallace Fard. Fard argued that African Americans could obtain success through discipline, racial pride, knowledge of God, and physical separation from white society. doctrines: black self

41、 reliance and separation from the white society, even economically.,32,-He says that he accepts the doctrines of Mamas Muslim neighbors but he doesnt like the hard work of their everyday life. -He says that he does not eat collard greens and porktraditional African-American foods he symbolically den

42、ies his heritage despite his complicated African name. This superficiality, on the part of both Dee and Hakim-a-barber, is representative of the many blacks who jumped on the Black Power bandwagon with no real dedication to its root causes.,pigtail & ponytail,Model A car:,in 1909 Henry Ford mass-pro

43、duced 15 million Model T cars and thus made automobiles popular in the States. In 1928 the Model T was discontinued and replaced by a new design - the Model A - to meet the needs for growing competition in car manufacturing.Here he thinks she is quaint奇怪的, attractive because it is strange and someth

44、ing rather old fashioned,Fords Model-T,Fords Model-A,37,Symbolism and Characterization in “Everyday Use”,“Everyday Use” is a poignant 深刻的narrative that describes the relationship between family members through creative symbolism and fine characterization. Through symbolism and characterization, Walk

45、er teaches a moral lesson about heritage, identity, and the role of the two in the lives of the characters and audience. The story asserts that family history should be a part of everyday life.,38,Symbolism,Symbolism, the association of a meaning or theme to an item, is used in this novel to give th

46、eir reader a greater understanding of each characters inner thoughts. Walker linked these characters with the following symbols:,39,Of all of the symbols in the story, no one image is as strong as that of the quilts: Quilts The symbolism of the quilt conveys that the most genuine means of celebratin

47、g ones culture is to practice its ideals on a daily basis rather than to admire its relics for aesthetic appeal. churn top and dasher,40,house As the house burns, each characters position around the house directly related to how they feel about their family background. Maggie felt that the house was

48、 a part of her. For Maggie, the house held memories of her and her family. As her dress fell off her in little black papery flakes in the fire, parts of her were lost with the house. Dee, on the other hand, was far from the house, steadily concentrating on the burning house until it was completely d

49、estroyed. Dee did not desire to be associated with her family, like she did not want to be associated with the house.,41,Maggies scars are symbolic of the scars that all African-Americans carry as a result of the “fire” of slavery. Hakim-a barber is important to the story as a symbol of the new life

50、 that Dee has chosen.,42,“ She Dee pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers” (2377). It is interesting that by presenting Dees fraudulent 欺骗的 nature through the symbolism of the orchid pinning, she says nothing about refusing the flo

51、wer.,43,Character,Round character Round characters embody a number of qualities and traits, and are complex multidimensional characters with the capacity to grow and change. They have more depth and require more attention. Flat character Flat characters are those who embody or represent a single cha

52、racteristic, trait, or idea or at most a very limited number of such qualities. Flat characters usually play a minor role in the stories in which they appear.,44,Dynamic character Dynamic characters exhibit some kind of change as the story progresses Static character Static characters remain the sam

53、e from the beginning of a work to the end.,45,Characters in Everyday Use:,1) Dee a round character fashionable, rebellious, strong-minded and ill-temped, a sense of vanity a symbol of the modern black women superficial love of black tradition,46,2) Maggie a flat character docile, timid, shy, good-te

54、mped, kind- hearted and unselfish, a strong sense of inferiority inherence of black culture, genuine love of black tradition a symbol of the tradition black weak women,47,3) “I” a flat character uneducated but sensible physically strong but spiritually weak, a sense of inferiority cherish “grandmas

55、everyday use” a symbol of the black working women: the majority of black women,V. Rhetorical Devices,Simile：a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two different things but having quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as.as, as if and like are used t

56、o transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. I am the way my daughter would want me to be:. my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. Maggies brain is like an elephants. Wangero said, sweet as a bird. She gasped like a bee had stung her Ellipsis : a figure of speech which omits commonly

57、 used words or phrases. Dee, though. Dee, next.,V. Rhetorical Devices,Metaphor: e.g. Wangero sent eye signals over my head Metonymy: Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. Irony: “What dont I understand?” I wanted to know. “Your heritage,” she said. Onomatopoeia: Like when you see the wriggling end of

58、a snake just in front of your foot on the road, “Uhnnnh”.,Dee 叛逆者bright, confident ,smart ，beautiful, well-educated likes to produce herself,Mother 捍卫者 physical strength, mental toughness, the good-hearted, down-to-earth,Maggie继承者 lack of self-confidence, shy ,conservative , inheriting Africa Americ

59、an culture,Mother seems to range between them, both Maggies conservative, and quiet side and Dees independence, strong side.,1、Meet again,2、Take photos,3、Discussion about name,4、have dinner,5、Everyday use,Maggie,Dee and mother,Maggie loves her family and knows about its history and traditions, she c

60、an tell the names of her ancestors by heart and knows about their history., Aunt Dees first husband whittled the dash, said Maggie so low you almost couldnt hear her. His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.,也许麦姬根本就不知道民族文化遗产为何物，其价值何在，但家族历史和家人的事迹牢牢地印在她的脑海中，被她重新赋予了生命。,Mother和Maggie都在逃离白人文化，她们似乎会

61、永远“龟缩”在伤痛的过去而不敢面对未来。,Walker在这里指出了一个所有非裔美国人必须扪心自问的问题：我是与我的人民一起“龟缩”在令人伤痛的过去，还是挺身与我的压迫者争夺未来。,相反，Dee不满足固步自封的状态，她是在白人世界中成长起来的黑人，但很难“长成”白人，也不可能成为“自然的黑人”。,Why did Dee come back?,Because it is “a new day” for the blacks now and as it becomes fashionable in the Black Power Movement to return to ones roots, i

62、t suddenly becomes fashionable for Dee, too. Influenced by the Black Power Movement, Dee got interested in her own culture.,B、Dee,Really interested?,Dees misunderstandings towards Afro-Americanism （不了解自己真正的文化,盲目肤浅地寻根追赶潮流的表现）,A dress down to the groundyellows and oranges Earrings gold Bracelets dangl

63、ing and making noises Hair stands straight up ,Dee cares much about the outer appearance ：,(1) 、clothes,鲜艳的宽松长裙，大大的金色耳环和叮当作响的手镯，直挺挺的黑发，殊不知这种夸张炫耀与大多数黑人平和、谦逊、低调、不喜张扬的品质恰好相反。,在这炎热的天气，她以一种自认为很非洲的传统造型出现在家人面前：,She said the language of the East Africa “wa-su-so-tean-o” to her mother, knowing little that th

64、ey came to America from West Africa.,(2)、language,Wa-su-zo-Tean-o! she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress makes her move.,用非洲语言问候母亲表明她已经放弃美国黑人文化, （1）、Dont get up, says Dee., （2）、She stoops in front of the house She never takes a shot without the house is included. When a cow comes she sna

65、ps and the houseand comes up and kisses me on the forehead., 2、photo,What does Dee photo for？,She merely wants to come home to collect some pieces of family history she can superficially identify with, take some photos as a kind of proof and leave., 3、Name,Mrs. Johnson has a short kind of discussion

66、 with Dee and her boyfriend about her new name ., Name = ？,root 和identity, Dees original name has already been carried by several generations of female ancestors, which can be traced back beyond the Civil War, the new African name is not related to her personal history at all and dissociates her from her family and therefore from her true heritage.,（2）“ Shes dead, ” Wangero said. “ I couldnt be