《韩国三星电子蓝牙》PPT课件

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1、0,Introduction of Bluetooth Technology,WS KANG Principal Engineer Network Solution Lab. Corporate R 0.28 h 0.35); 1 MSymbols/s transmit power 0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control) receiver sensitivity -70dBm 0.1% BER,12,Radio Basics: Receiver,The RF Transceiver contains both Receiver and Transmitte

2、r. The receiver selects the desired signal and removes all other signals present at the antenna (strong interferers will be present both in and out of the ISM band). The desired signal is downconverted to baseband and demodulated. A digital bit stream representing the demodulated data is output to t

3、he baseband sub-system for further processing.,Antenna Filter,LNA,RF Mixer,Selectivity Filter configures TX data from host into Bluetooth packets MICROCONTROLLER - Manages the links; turns components on and off; a digital IC MEMORY - integrated RAM, ROM; integrated or separate Flash ROM ; a digital

4、IC : stores configuration information stores short term operating information ANTENNA - transducer to convert signal between conducted and radiated forms. Usually best outside the module.,46,Logical Combinations of Functionality Integrated in Modules,RADIO ONLY Portable phones! Phones contain powerf

5、ul processors and memory capable of providing baseband and control functions A cost-effective solution is often to provide a module containing only the radio function RADIO + BASEBAND .if phone processor does not have excess capacity to support Bluetooth TX data formatting and RX synchronization. RA

6、DIO + BASEBAND + MICROCONTROLLER + MEMORY For retrofit upgrade and unhosted applications - headsets, PC cards Appropriate to include crystal and voltage regulation also,47,Types of Applications for Modules,HOSTED: ALREADY CONTAINS A MICROCONTROLLER; may be able to share memory, crystal oscillator, c

7、odec Portable phones Personal Computers PDAs UNHOSTED: Often an excessory to a hosted application; must be complete and self-sufficient Headset for use with cell phone, or peronal audio Mouse for PC Joystick controller for video game,48,Pros: Smaller size Lower cost Improved performance? Time-to-mar

8、ket? Standard interface Cons: Software upgrades,RF Transceiver,ROM,Baseband Processor,Host Processor,H C I,Bluetooth Component,Cell Phone,FLASH,Power,Ref osc,Hosted Bluetooth Module Design,49,in Cellular Applications,Pros: Smaller size Lower cost memory? Cons: Software upgrades IC Development RF int

9、erface,RF Transceiver,Host Processor,Bluetooth Component,Cell Phone,FLASH,Power,Ref osc,ROM,Bluetooth Processor,Bluetooth Baseband Integration,50,Bluetooth Software,SD Client,LC Driver,Timer Driver,HCI - Host Driver,IRQ Driver,L2CAP,RFCOMM,PPP,UDP,TCP,AT Commands,vCard/vCal,SD Server,TCS BIN,HCI,IP,

10、WAE,Baseband w/ Link Controller ASIC,Bluetooth RF Module,Audio,HCI Transport/Drivers,HCI Transport/Drivers,Host Controller,Link Manager,OBEX,WAP,USB,Serial,PCMCIA,USB,Serial,PCMCIA,Host Software,BB SW,RTOS,Flash Driver,Flash Loader,SSI,SCM,DBM,Virtual OS Layer,51,Link Manager,Link management setup a

11、nd configuration packet selection for quality of service required packet transfers Security authentication pairing create/change link keys encryption including key management Piconet management Attach and detach slaves Establishing ACL/SCO connections master/slave switching name requests Handling of

12、 low power modes : hold, park, sniff modes Hardware-dependent functionality and features,52,Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP),Protocol multiplexing enables usage of several higher layer protocols simultaneously identifies packets with required protocols passes packets for higher l

13、ayer protocols to appropriate handler Segmentation and Reassembly segments higher layer protocol packets into appropriate data link packets and reassembles them again. Adds logical channel bits for ACL packets hides data link packet lengths for higher layer protocols Quality of Service negotiates se

14、rvice type for link monitors link quality and adjusts for rate, latency, delay allocates channels for SCO connections Hardware independent(ideally),53,Host Controller Interface (HCI),Provides a common interface between the Bluetooth host and a Bluetooth module Interfaces in spec 1.0: USB; UART; RS-2

15、32 Defines a boundary which allows the independent development of Bluetooth hardware and software Defines a set of messages that are used by upper layer protocols to control and receive notifications from the Bluetooth hardware Provides a flow control capability that regulates the flow of data betwe

16、en the host and the host controller,54,HCI Transport Protocols,The HCI transport protocols describe how HCI commands, event packets, and data packets are communicated between a host and the Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth specification supports the following transport protocols: USB Transport protoc

17、ol PC Card transport protocol RS232 Transport protocol UART Transport protocol,55,Service Discovery Protocol(SDP),Bluetooth SDP enables Bluetooth devices to discover the characteristics and capabilities of other Bluetooth devices within RF proximity Within Bluetooth SDP, a service is: any informatio

18、n, resource, or facility that is provided by (or through) one Bluetooth device that is advertised as available to be used by nearby Bluetooth devices Bluetooth SDP does not provide a general purpose service access/usage mechanism; SDP only enables discovery of services,56,Service Discovery Protocol(

19、SDP),Motivation Bluetooth environment is qualitatively different from traditional network environments Highly dynamic Based upon device proximity Device-based, rather than network-based Focus Service discovery within Bluetooth environment Optimized for dynamic nature of Bluetooth Services offered by

20、 or through Bluetooth devices,57,SDP Client and Server Roles,SDP Server: offers one or more services Maintains a database of service information containing one service record for each service offered Each service record contains a list of attributes describing the service SDP Client: needs a service

21、 Searches for services based on the desired attributes of those services Requests additional attributes of the found services,58,SDP Client and Server Roles,LM,L2CAP,SDP Server,SDP Server Role,CO,Service Records DB,LM,L2CAP,SDP Client Role,CO,SDP Client,BT_module_Ctrl,BT_module_Ctrl,59,RFCOMM,Provid

22、e support for legacy applications that use serial cables It emulates the 9 wires of an RS232 serial cable Leverage the existing standardGSM TS 07.10 The scope is point-to-point communication between Bluetooth devices It is a simple transport protocol with framing, multiplexing Plus additional provis

23、ions RS232 signal status Remote line status Remote port setting Parameter negotiation,60,RFCOMM Protocol Stack,61,Profiles using RFCOMM,Serial Port Profile Serial port emulation for legacy applications Not explicitly using serial port emulation: Dial-up networking Fax Headset Generic Obex (Object Pu

24、sh, File Transfer, Synchronisation) LAN Access,Profiles,Define how to implement specific usage models “Sometimes” define which application to use Define which provided and adapted protocols to use Put requirements on each individual protocol Define which options are considered mandatory Define param

25、eter ranges,Applications,Provided Protocols,Adapted Protocols,Basic Protocols,VCARD,OBEX,RFCOMM,SDP,TCS,L2CAP,LM,Base,Radio,TCP,IP,Profiles,Profiles,L2CAP,SDP,L2CAP,SDP,L2CAP,A-Party,B-Party,Local,Remote,Client,Server,Generic Access Profile,Service Discovery Application Profile,Based on AT Commands,

26、LAN Access Profile,Fax Profile,Headset Profile,Dial-up Networking,File Transfer Profile,Synchronization,Cordless Telephony Profile,Intercom Profile,Object Push Profile,Terminal,Gateway,Terminal,Push,Push,Client,Server,IrMC,IrMC,Audio,Headset,DT,Gateway,DT,Gateway,Client,Server,TCS Binary,RFCOMM,RFCO

27、MM,Device A,Device B,Serial Port Profile,Generic Object Exchange,Protocols,Bluetooth Profile Hierarchy,Service Discovery Profile,Cordless Telephony Profile,Intercom Profile,Dial-up Networking Profile,Fax Profile,Headset Profile,LAN Access Profile,File Transfer Profile,Object Push Profile,Synchroniza

28、tion Profile,Generic Access Profile,Serial Port Profile,Generic Object Exchg Profile,Generic Access Profile,This profile defines the generic procedures related to discovery of Bluetooth devices (idle mode procedures) and link management aspects of connecting to Bluetooth devices (connecting mode pro

29、cedures). Defines procedures related to use of different security levels. The profile includes common format requirements for parameters accessible on the user interface level.,Service Discovery Application Profile,This profile defines the features and procedures for an application in a Bluetooth de

30、vice to discover services registered in other Bluetooth devices and retrieve any desired available information pertinent to these services. Reveals higher level services available to users Provides Plug and Play information,Cordless Telephony Profile,This profile defines the features and procedures

31、that are required for interoperability between different units active in the 3-in-1 phone use case. The scope of this profile includes the following layers/protocols/profiles: Bluetooth Baseband, Link Manager Protocol, L2CAP, Service Discovery Protocol, Telephony Control Protocol Specification (TCS-

32、Binary) and the General Access Profile.,Intercom Profile,This profile defines the requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for the support of the intercom functionality within the 3-in-1 phone use case. The requirements are expressed in terms of end-user services, and by defining the features an

33、d procedures that are required for interoperability between Bluetooth devices in the 3-in-1 phone use case.,Synchronization Profile,This application profile defines the application requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for the support of the Synchronization usage model. Synchronization is bui

34、lt on an IrDA foundation, reuses many existing protocols. vCard and vCalendar objects can be synchronized between separate devices using the Obex protocol.,70,Serial Port Profile,This profile defines the interoperability requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for setting up emulated serial cab

35、le connections using RFCOMM between two peer devices. Is built on the Generic Access Profile Two roles: initiator & responder (DevA & DevB) Relates to which device sets up RFCOMM connection, with no relation to application behaviour (e.g. client/server roles) Requires a helper application to set up

36、virtual serial port and connection Security is mandatory to support, but optional to use,Serial Port Profile,Serial Port Config.,HCI - Host Driver,L2CAP,RFCOMM,HCI Transport/Drivers,SDP,Host System Software,Application A,Bluetooth Module,USB,HCI - Host Driver,L2CAP,RFCOMM,HCI Transport/Drivers,SDP,B

37、luetooth Module,Device A,Device B,Host System Software,Application B,UART,USB,UART,Serial Port Config.,72,What steps are required to set up a virtual serial cable between two devices?,Serial Port Profile - Step by step,73,Step by Step - Inquiry,The initiator device performs an INQUIRY to find the ot

38、her device within range,All the nearby devices (in discoverable mode) respond. The initiating device sorts through the responses and lets user pick one.,74,Step by Step - Baseband,The device initiates a PAGE to synchronize with the chosen responder The device creates a baseband ACL connection,75,Ste

39、p by Step - Service Discovery,The device uses SDP to retrieve details of the Serial Port service - RFCOMM server channel number in particular The Service Name information may be presented to the user for verification,76,Step by Step - RFCOMM,Create L2CAP channel to RFCOMM entity in responder Starts

40、RFCOMM multiplexer session on L2CAP channel (Optionally, negotiate parameters for the yet to be opened DLC) Request an RFCOMM data link connection (DLC),77,Step by Step - Security (optional),Either device may request that Pairing be performed. Pairing requires the use of a shared secret PIN Either d

41、evice may request that the baseband link is encrypted,78,Step by Step - Application,The application software is now able to communicate through the virtual serial port,79,Summary,Protocols defined for communication HCI supports common interface to hardware modules L2CAP provides common base for data

42、 communication SDP provides basis discovery mechnisms Profiles defined for interoperability Specifies protocol ladder from PHY to APP,80,Role of Testing in the Qualification Program,BT Qualification Program Goal: To ensure interoperability between different BT devices even from different vendors Met

43、hod:Every BT device has to pass the Qualification Process by performing successfully the relevant test cases,81,Authority delegation for Bluetooth Qualification Program,82,Bluetooth Qualification Review Borad(BQRB),Each bluetooth SIG Promoter company appoints one delegate Responsible for setting up

44、and maintaining Qualification criteria and rules Selects, hires and manages a BQA to a administer the program according to policies Definies the recognition requirements to become a BQTF and BQA Rotating Chair,83,Bluetooth Qualification Administrator(BQA),Implements the Qualification Program Interfa

45、ce between BQRB and BQBs, BQTFs, prospective BQB candidates prospective BQTF candidates Maintains listings of: Recognized BQBs Accredited BQTFs Qualified (listed) products Approved waivers Disseminates information on the program,84,Bluetooth Qualification Body(BQB),Authorized to list products as qua

46、lified based on: Applicable Test Results in accordance with the TCRL Declarations of Compliance from the manufacturer Responsible for: Checking completeness of material received Verifying authenticity of material received Maintaining confidential material Advising manufacturer on qualification proce

47、ss Independent of product development efforts Over 12 BQBs today,85,Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility(BQTF),Independent testing facility which is accredited by BQRB to test products for compliance with the Bluetooth test requirements Required for testing Category A Test Cases No Category A Test

48、Cases currently Other services possible (interoperability testing) Accreditation Requirements include: Quality Certification in accordance with ISO Guide 25, EN45001 Bluetooth knowledge & test capability Independent of product development efforts No accredited BQTFs today BQRB is now reviewing appli

49、cations,86,Bluetooth Technical Advisory Board(BTAB),Consists of BQBs, BQTF representatives and other technical experts Provides information and recommendations to the BQRB Advisory Tasks Proposals and advice to BQRB Proposals and advice to BQA Proposals and advice to the Bluetooth “Specification Aut

50、hors” Knowledge Depository Tasks Solutions to testing Bluetooth devices Knowledge of inconstancy of the Bluetooth Specifications,87,Bluetooth Qualification Process,BQTF,BQB,BQA,Product tested,Declaration and documentation review,Qualified products lists,Documents pulled from web side,Test report che

51、cked by BQB,Qualification Program Documents,88,Bluetooth Qualification Process,Manufacturer obtains required documents from Bluetooth website Four categories of tests A - Validated and commercially available in at least 1 implementation B - Declaration with evidence C - Declaration without submittin

52、g evidence D - Informative Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) needed for category A tests interoperability with “Blue Units” from Ericsson and Nokia,89,Bluetooth Qualification Process,Compliance Folder provided to Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB) Test results for category A, B, and C. D

53、is optional Declaration of Compliance Implementation conformance statement(ICS) which specifies the Bluetooth capabilities that are implemented in the product including profiles implemented BQB reviews results and lists the product in the Approved Product Database Bluetooth Quality Administrator mai

54、ntains the Approved Product Database on the website,90,Bluetooth Qualification Requirements,Conformance Test Requirements Bluetooth RF-Test Specification defines RF conformance test cases Bluetooth Protocol and Profile Test Specification defines Protocol and Profile conformance test cases The object

55、ive of the RF and Protocol test specification To provide a basis for conformance tests for Bluetooth devices giving a high probability of compliance with the Bluetooth Core Specifications Conformance tests are performed by an accredited BQTF according to the information in the test case reference li

56、st RF, protocol and profile conformance testing results shall be reported in a Test Report and submitted to the BQB for review,91,Bluetooth Qualification Requirements,Interoperability Test Requirements(application profile) Bluetooth Profile Interoperability Test Specification defines profile interop

57、erability test cases Interoperability testing results shall be reported in a Test Report and submitted to the BQB for review Bluetooth Components Requirements Bluetooth component A product marketed to a manufacturer for integration into an end-user product, containing at least the hardware for Bluet

58、ooth radio and/or baseband functions Example of Bluetooth component : A Bluetooth module to be permanently mounted in a computer The module may be pre-qualified in a reference design Its up to the test house to judge what tests that can be omitted when qualifying the final product,92,Bluetooth Quali

59、fication Requirements,Bluetooth Accessory Products Requirements Bluetooth Accessory A product marketed to the end-user, containing at least the hardware for Bluetooth radio and baseband Example of accessories : PC-card, USB dongle Has to be submitted for Qualification installed in a host device Comp

60、lete Qualification is required,93,Types of Testing,Conformance Testing finally: BT device is tested against a validated BT test system in a accredited test house (BQTF) intermediate:manufacturer has to provide evidence on test cases Interoperability Testing (application profile) finally:device again

61、st device testing by using Designated Profile Interoperability Testers (DPIT) intermediate: engineering evidence Interoperability Testing against Blue Units (lower layers),94,BT Test Specifications,BT Informal Test Specifications (ITS),Conformance Testing,Interoperability Testing,RF: Final Early Pha

62、se,Protocols: Baseband LMP L2CAP Service Disc.,Profiles: Gen. Access Serialport others: TBD,Application Profiles: Headset Dialup NW File Transf. .,95,Necessory Information for Testing,Test Specifications Test Case Reference list(TCRL) List of all test cases Provides status / information on each test

63、 case Periodically updated Specifies categories for each test case A Commercial available and to be executed at BQTF B Declare with evidence that the issue has been tested C Declare without evidence that the issue has been tested D For information only,96,Necessory Information for Testing,Bluetooth

64、ICS / IXIT Proforma document ICS (Implementation Conformance Statement) reference document for the conformance assessment process related to the Implementation Under Test(IUT) Provides an overview of the implementation IXIT(Implementation Extra Information for Testing) proforma a questionnaire conta

65、ining questions related to the parameterisation of the tests and of the IUT The IXIT, in conjunction with the ICS, will be used by the BQTF to produce the test plan Device / implementation information document to be filled out by the manufacturer Derived by ETSI guidelines Annex includes ( to be fil

66、led out ) Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS) tables Implementation Extra Information for Testing (IXIT) tables ICS / IXIT tables cover RF Protocols Application / Transport Profiles,97,Bluetooth Product Forecast,98,Wireless Market Trends,Consumers want connectivity at all times - in the workplace, while travelling and at home General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and other 3rd Generatio